Questions and Answers
Which type of loss refers to a person’s internal emotional response to a loss that is recognized by others?
What is the phase of Engel's stages of grief characterized by a return to the awareness of the loss?
In Kübler-Ross's five stages of grief, which stage involves the feeling of anger?
What is indicated when there is an irreversible cessation of all brain function, including the brainstem?
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What does 'DNR' stand for in the context of end-of-life care?
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Which of the following is not considered a component of a good death?
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What type of loss is characterized as something that has not yet occurred but is anticipated?
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How does the definition of death establish the criteria needed to affirm an individual is deceased?
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Which of the following factors does NOT impact grief and mourning according to the content?
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What term describes medical orders indicating that no cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed?
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What should be indicated in advance directives regarding the type of care a patient wants?
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Which of the following are considered physiological needs for terminally ill patients?
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What does passive euthanasia generally involve?
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Which statement best describes the trust-building nurse-patient relationship?
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What is a potential emotional need for terminally ill patients?
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What does the term 'natural death' imply in the context of special orders?
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During postmortem care, what is an essential step to prevent postmortem changes?
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What must a nurse do if the patient wishes for family to know specific information?
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Which actions can a nurse take to meet the needs of family members post-death?
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What is a potential challenge for healthcare providers concerning LGBTQ+ patients?
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What is the primary purpose of advance directives?
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Which of the following best describes palliative sedation?
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What does the acronym DNR represent in healthcare settings?
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What is a critical psychological need for terminally ill patients?
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Which of the following is not a type of special order related to end-of-life care?
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What is one of the primary goals of hospice care?
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Which of the following actions is appropriate during postmortem care?
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What should nurses focus on when building trust with terminally ill patients?
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Which of the following is a primary physiological need for terminally ill patients?
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Which factor might complicate end-of-life decision making for LGBTQ+ patients?
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What type of loss is recognized by others and is tangible in nature?
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Which factor is NOT commonly recognized as influencing grief and mourning?
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Which stage of Kübler-Ross's grief model involves coming to terms with the loss?
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What is the purpose of advance directives in healthcare?
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Which of Engel's stages of grief reflects the initial reaction of shock and disbelief?
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What defines a good death in the context of end-of-life care?
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What does POLST stand for in end-of-life planning?
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Which sign is commonly associated with impending death?
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What is the primary role of a healthcare provider when dealing with terminally ill patients' families?
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Which medical term indicates that a patient should not receive CPR?
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Study Notes
Learning Objectives
- Identify types of loss, including actual, perceived, and anticipated losses.
- Describe signs of impending death and their significance in patient care.
- Understand terminology related to end-of-life care, such as advance directives and palliative care.
- Determine effective communication strategies for interacting with terminally ill patients and their families.
- Develop care plans for terminal patients and their loved ones.
- Recognize discrimination faced by LGBTQ+ families in end-of-life situations.
- Outline nursing procedures during post-mortem care.
Types of Loss
- Actual loss: Recognizable by others.
- Perceived loss: Felt by the individual but invisible to others.
- Anticipated loss: Loss that is expected but has not yet occurred.
- Distinction between physical loss (e.g., bodily function) and psychological loss (e.g., identity changes).
Definitions
- Grief: Inner emotional response to loss.
- Bereavement: The state of mourning following the loss of a loved one.
- Mourning: The process and expression of grief, involving various symbols and rituals.
Engel's Stages of Grief
- Shock and disbelief.
- Developing awareness.
- Return to normalcy.
- Resolution of loss.
- Idealization of the deceased.
- Outcome of bereavement.
Kübler-Ross's Stages of Grief
- Denial and isolation.
- Anger.
- Bargaining.
- Depression.
- Acceptance.
Factors Influencing Grief and Death
- Developmental considerations (age and maturity).
- Family dynamics and support systems.
- Socioeconomic factors (access to healthcare).
- Cultural, gender, and religious beliefs.
- Cause of death (unexpected vs. expected).
Definition of Death
- According to the Uniform Definition of Death: A person is declared dead if either
- circulatory and respiratory functions have stopped irreversibly, or
- there is irreversible cessation of all brain function, including the brainstem.
Signs of Impending Death
- Physical indicators, such as changes in breathing patterns (e.g., Cheyne-Stokes respiration).
- Importance of awareness and observance of these signs for caring professionals.
Components of a Good Death
- Symptom management and palliative measures.
- Preparation for death emotionally and spiritually.
- Opportunities for life reflection and closure.
- Positive relationships with healthcare providers.
Legal Terminology
- Advance directives: Instructions for care if a person loses decision-making capacity.
- POLST/MOLST: Medical orders respecting treatment preferences for terminal patients.
- DNR (Do Not Resuscitate): Order to refrain from CPR in the event of cardiac or respiratory failure.
- Living will: Document specifying treatment preferences in future medical crises.
Patient Needs at End-of-Life
- Physiological: Pain management, hygiene, nutrition.
- Psychological: Control over fear, separation, and dignity.
- Intimacy: Need for physical closeness and emotional support.
- Spiritual: Seeking meaning, and connection, and finding a purpose.
Developing Trusting Nurse-Patient Relationships
- Providing clear explanations of diagnosis and treatment.
- Teaching self-care to empower patients.
- Supporting family members in caregiving roles.
- Addressing the needs of both patients and their families.
LGBTQ+ Rights in Healthcare
- Importance of non-discrimination policies in healthcare settings.
- Issues concerning the acceptance of same-sex partners in decision-making.
- The significance of support systems, including chosen families and spirituality during end-of-life care.
Post-Mortem Care
- Notify appropriate providers and complete death certification.
- Prepare the body for disposition while ensuring privacy for the family.
- Essential tasks: Positioning the body, closing eyes and mouth, and cleaning the patient.
- Address family grief needs, providing comfort and privacy.
Family Post-Mortem Support
- Facilitate family viewing of the deceased with sensitivity.
- Create a mindful environment for family members to begin the grieving process.
- Ensure proper identification and handling of the body before transferring to mortuary care.
Learning Objectives
- Identify types of loss, including actual, perceived, and anticipated losses.
- Describe signs of impending death and their significance in patient care.
- Understand terminology related to end-of-life care, such as advance directives and palliative care.
- Determine effective communication strategies for interacting with terminally ill patients and their families.
- Develop care plans for terminal patients and their loved ones.
- Recognize discrimination faced by LGBTQ+ families in end-of-life situations.
- Outline nursing procedures during post-mortem care.
Types of Loss
- Actual loss: Recognizable by others.
- Perceived loss: Felt by the individual but invisible to others.
- Anticipated loss: Loss that is expected but has not yet occurred.
- Distinction between physical loss (e.g., bodily function) and psychological loss (e.g., identity changes).
Definitions
- Grief: Inner emotional response to loss.
- Bereavement: The state of mourning following the loss of a loved one.
- Mourning: The process and expression of grief, involving various symbols and rituals.
Engel's Stages of Grief
- Shock and disbelief.
- Developing awareness.
- Return to normalcy.
- Resolution of loss.
- Idealization of the deceased.
- Outcome of bereavement.
Kübler-Ross's Stages of Grief
- Denial and isolation.
- Anger.
- Bargaining.
- Depression.
- Acceptance.
Factors Influencing Grief and Death
- Developmental considerations (age and maturity).
- Family dynamics and support systems.
- Socioeconomic factors (access to healthcare).
- Cultural, gender, and religious beliefs.
- Cause of death (unexpected vs. expected).
Definition of Death
- According to the Uniform Definition of Death: A person is declared dead if either
- circulatory and respiratory functions have stopped irreversibly, or
- there is irreversible cessation of all brain function, including the brainstem.
Signs of Impending Death
- Physical indicators, such as changes in breathing patterns (e.g., Cheyne-Stokes respiration).
- Importance of awareness and observance of these signs for caring professionals.
Components of a Good Death
- Symptom management and palliative measures.
- Preparation for death emotionally and spiritually.
- Opportunities for life reflection and closure.
- Positive relationships with healthcare providers.
Legal Terminology
- Advance directives: Instructions for care if a person loses decision-making capacity.
- POLST/MOLST: Medical orders respecting treatment preferences for terminal patients.
- DNR (Do Not Resuscitate): Order to refrain from CPR in the event of cardiac or respiratory failure.
- Living will: Document specifying treatment preferences in future medical crises.
Patient Needs at End-of-Life
- Physiological: Pain management, hygiene, nutrition.
- Psychological: Control over fear, separation, and dignity.
- Intimacy: Need for physical closeness and emotional support.
- Spiritual: Seeking meaning, and connection, and finding a purpose.
Developing Trusting Nurse-Patient Relationships
- Providing clear explanations of diagnosis and treatment.
- Teaching self-care to empower patients.
- Supporting family members in caregiving roles.
- Addressing the needs of both patients and their families.
LGBTQ+ Rights in Healthcare
- Importance of non-discrimination policies in healthcare settings.
- Issues concerning the acceptance of same-sex partners in decision-making.
- The significance of support systems, including chosen families and spirituality during end-of-life care.
Post-Mortem Care
- Notify appropriate providers and complete death certification.
- Prepare the body for disposition while ensuring privacy for the family.
- Essential tasks: Positioning the body, closing eyes and mouth, and cleaning the patient.
- Address family grief needs, providing comfort and privacy.
Family Post-Mortem Support
- Facilitate family viewing of the deceased with sensitivity.
- Create a mindful environment for family members to begin the grieving process.
- Ensure proper identification and handling of the body before transferring to mortuary care.
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Description
This quiz covers Chapter 43 of the foundational textbook, focusing on concepts related to death and dying. Topics include types of loss, signs of impending death, and effective communication strategies for terminally ill patients and their families. Additionally, it addresses care planning and discrimination faced by LGBTQ+ families during end-of-life situations.
