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Questions and Answers
The course DCHE 111 is about ______
The course DCHE 111 is about ______
chemistry
One of the topics covered in the course DCHE 111 is the ______ table trends.
One of the topics covered in the course DCHE 111 is the ______ table trends.
periodic
A minimum of four hours per week is dedicated to ______ in this course.
A minimum of four hours per week is dedicated to ______ in this course.
lectures
The final examination accounts for ______ percent of the total grade
The final examination accounts for ______ percent of the total grade
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______ is the branch of science that studies matter.
______ is the branch of science that studies matter.
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Chemistry is concerned with molecules, energies, rates, ______, and equilibrium.
Chemistry is concerned with molecules, energies, rates, ______, and equilibrium.
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Chemistry deals with the identification, nomenclature and classification of ______.
Chemistry deals with the identification, nomenclature and classification of ______.
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Without chemical ______, life would not exist.
Without chemical ______, life would not exist.
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All processes in plant culture, such as soil reactions and plant growth, involve ______ reactions.
All processes in plant culture, such as soil reactions and plant growth, involve ______ reactions.
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Anything that has mass and occupies space is defined as ______.
Anything that has mass and occupies space is defined as ______.
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Inorganic chemists study everything except ______, which they leave to the organic chemists.
Inorganic chemists study everything except ______, which they leave to the organic chemists.
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Matter is made up of either pure substances or ______ of pure substances.
Matter is made up of either pure substances or ______ of pure substances.
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A change from one substance into another is called a ______ reaction.
A change from one substance into another is called a ______ reaction.
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The branch of chemistry that analyzes substances is ______ chemistry.
The branch of chemistry that analyzes substances is ______ chemistry.
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Substances themselves are made up of either elements or ______.
Substances themselves are made up of either elements or ______.
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[Blank] chemistry studies chemical reactions in living organisms.
[Blank] chemistry studies chemical reactions in living organisms.
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______ chemistry studies the physical properties and behavior of matter.
______ chemistry studies the physical properties and behavior of matter.
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A knowledge of chemistry is useful to almost ______.
A knowledge of chemistry is useful to almost ______.
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[Blank] is the application of biochemistry and biology to modify genetic material or organisms.
[Blank] is the application of biochemistry and biology to modify genetic material or organisms.
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Chemistry lies at the heart of our efforts to produce new ______ that make our lives safer.
Chemistry lies at the heart of our efforts to produce new ______ that make our lives safer.
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[Blank] chemistry is the study of carbon and its compounds.
[Blank] chemistry is the study of carbon and its compounds.
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We need to pursue a “______” approach to the production and use of chemicals.
We need to pursue a “______” approach to the production and use of chemicals.
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[Blank] chemistry studies inorganic compounds such as salts.
[Blank] chemistry studies inorganic compounds such as salts.
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Society, governments, and industry seek ______ growth to create greater value.
Society, governments, and industry seek ______ growth to create greater value.
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We should meet today’s global economic and environmental needs while preserving the options of future generations to meet ______.
We should meet today’s global economic and environmental needs while preserving the options of future generations to meet ______.
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Much of the increase in life expectancy and quality of life is derived from advances in ______.
Much of the increase in life expectancy and quality of life is derived from advances in ______.
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An environmental price has been paid with increases in gases such as nitrogen oxides and ______ oxides in the atmosphere.
An environmental price has been paid with increases in gases such as nitrogen oxides and ______ oxides in the atmosphere.
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Synthetic methods should maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the ______ product.
Synthetic methods should maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the ______ product.
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Chemical products should be designed to function effectively while still reducing ______.
Chemical products should be designed to function effectively while still reducing ______.
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Energy requirements should be minimized due to their environmental and ______ impacts.
Energy requirements should be minimized due to their environmental and ______ impacts.
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Raw materials should be ______ whenever technically and economically practical.
Raw materials should be ______ whenever technically and economically practical.
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______ is anything that has mass and takes up space.
______ is anything that has mass and takes up space.
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Matter has both physical and ______ properties.
Matter has both physical and ______ properties.
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A ______ change does not affect the chemical composition of matter.
A ______ change does not affect the chemical composition of matter.
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[Blank] changes are frequently accompanied by physical changes.
[Blank] changes are frequently accompanied by physical changes.
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The five main states of matter are solids, liquids, gases, plasmas, and Bose-Einstein ______.
The five main states of matter are solids, liquids, gases, plasmas, and Bose-Einstein ______.
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The primary physical characteristics of the various states of matter are the volume and ______ of the material
The primary physical characteristics of the various states of matter are the volume and ______ of the material
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A ______ has a rigid shape and a fixed volume.
A ______ has a rigid shape and a fixed volume.
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Unlike solids, a liquid is fluid—it takes on the ______ of its container.
Unlike solids, a liquid is fluid—it takes on the ______ of its container.
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When the temperature of a system goes up, the matter in the system becomes more excited and ______.
When the temperature of a system goes up, the matter in the system becomes more excited and ______.
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Scientists say that when matter moves to a higher energy state the temperature ______
Scientists say that when matter moves to a higher energy state the temperature ______
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At low enough temperatures, virtually all matter is found in the ______ state.
At low enough temperatures, virtually all matter is found in the ______ state.
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When solids melt they form ______.
When solids melt they form ______.
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When liquids evaporate they form ______.
When liquids evaporate they form ______.
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Water is unique in that its density ______ on changing from a liquid to a solid.
Water is unique in that its density ______ on changing from a liquid to a solid.
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The kinetic-molecular theory of matter states that all matter consists of extremely tiny ______.
The kinetic-molecular theory of matter states that all matter consists of extremely tiny ______.
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In solids, particles ______ back and forth about their average positions
In solids, particles ______ back and forth about their average positions
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Liquids and gases are ______ because their particles are not confined to specific locations.
Liquids and gases are ______ because their particles are not confined to specific locations.
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Study Notes
Course Information
- Course Title: DCHE 111: CHEMISTRY
- Lecturer: ZULU SARAH
- Email: [email protected]
- Department: Defence School of Health Science, Department of Public Health
Course Content
- Physical state of matter
- Atomic structure and electron configuration
- Periodic table trends
- Chemical bonding, structure, and shape of molecules
- Stoichiometry
- Solutions and their properties
- Intermolecular forces
- Equilibrium
- Introduction to organic chemistry
Course Objectives
- Describe physical states of matter
- Explain atomic structure and electronic configuration
- Explain periodic table trends
- Apply stoichiometry principles
- Classify intermolecular forces
- Explain organic chemistry concepts
Method of Learning
- Lectures: minimum of four hours per week
- Assessment:
- Continuous Assessment: 40%
- 2 Tests: 20%
- Assignments: 10%
- Theory Quiz: 10%
- Final Examination: 60%
- Prescribed Reading:
- American chemical society (2014) chemistry in context; 5th edition
- Whitten, k.w., Raymond (2014) general chemistry 7th Edition
- Steven Zumdahl and Susan Zumdahl (2007) chemistry 6th edition
- Continuous Assessment: 40%
What is Chemistry?
- Chemistry is the branch of science that studies matter—its composition, properties, changes, molecules, energies, rates, thermodynamics, and equilibrium.
- Scientists discover and describe matter, then explain its characteristics and how it changes.
- Chemical discoveries have expanded the human lifespan, increased crop yields, and produced many products that improve our lives, like medicines, plastics, alloys, pesticides, and fertilizers.
- Chemistry is essential to understand how life works, because chemical reactions are fundamental to biological processes.
- Chemistry is more than facts and knowledge; it's about matter, which has mass and takes up space. It involves pure substances or mixtures undergoing changes called chemical reactions; brand-new substances are created during these reactions.
Branches of Chemistry
- Analytical chemistry: analyzes substances to determine their composition (qualitative and quantitative).
- Biochemistry: studies chemical reactions in living organisms at the molecular level (digestion, metabolism, and more).
- Organic chemistry: studies carbon compounds and their properties.
- Inorganic chemistry: deals with all compounds except carbon.
- Physical chemistry: explores how and why chemical systems behave as they do, and develops models to describe their behavior.
Importance of Learning Chemistry
- A fundamental understanding of chemistry is useful to many people in various fields.
- It's critical to create new materials that make life better, improve safety, produce efficient energy sources, and control diseases.
- Even careers not directly related to chemistry will be influenced by its principles.
Why Study Chemistry?
- Chemistry applications have improved our lives.
- However, these improvements have created problems. Society needs a more sustainable approach to chemical production and usage.
- We need to understand the chemical nature of the Earth to accomplish a better sustainable future.
Sustainability and Chemistry
- Sustainability in chemistry involves meeting current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs regarding economics, society, environments, and science.
- Scientific advances have increased life expectancy and quality of life.
- However, there's a price—increased emissions, acid rain, and other environmental impacts.
- Chemists strive to seek solutions to the dilemma by developing sustainable chemistry practices.
Principles of Sustainable Chemistry
- Prevention of waste is preferable to treating it.
- Design chemical methods to use all materials in the final product and use and generate substances with low/minimal toxicity.
- Design chemical products to function effectively with minimal toxicity.
- Recognizing energy requirements for minimizing environmental and economic impacts.
- Implementing processes with renewable raw materials when possible.
- Designing processes to prevent chemical accidents and minimize releases, explosions, and fires.
Matter
- Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
- Matter exists in various forms (stars, air, gasoline, chairs, books, computers, food, dirt).
- Matter has properties:
- Physical properties: describe matter as it exists (shape, color, size, temperature, phase/state). A physical change affects these properties without changing the composition.
- Chemical properties: describe how matter changes in the presence of other matter. Chemical change results from a chemical reaction in the presence of other matter.
States of Matter
- Matter exists in five main states: solids, liquids, gases, plasmas, and Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC's).
- Each state has unique physical traits and interacts differently with other matter.
- Solids have a fixed shape and volume.
- Liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container.
- Gases have neither fixed shape nor volume, filling their container.
- Plasmas are unique states at very high temperatures.
- Bose-Einstein condensates are supercooled atoms.
- Changes in temperature cause matter to change states.
- Changes in matter’s properties also change states.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key topics in DCHE 111, including the physical states of matter, atomic structure, and chemical bonding. This quiz covers essential concepts such as stoichiometry, periodic table trends, and intermolecular forces to prepare you for the course's challenges.
