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Questions and Answers

What is the primary concern expressed by Gilgamesh in his plea to Uta-Napishtim?

  • The loss of his kingdom
  • The fear of death (correct)
  • The betrayal of his friends
  • The pursuit of glory

What does the act of kneading dough symbolize in the context of Gilgamesh's journey?

  • The struggle against fate
  • The inevitability of death
  • The importance of sustenance
  • The creation of life (correct)

How does Uta-Napishtim's character contribute to themes of wisdom and mortality?

  • He reveals the secrets of the gods to Gilgamesh.
  • He offers Gilgamesh a chance at immortality.
  • He teaches Gilgamesh the futility of life.
  • He embodies a bridge between the living and the dead. (correct)

What role does the character Ur-Shanabi play in Gilgamesh's quest?

<p>He serves as a guide across the sea. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the text illustrate the theme of dreams in relation to Gilgamesh's experiences?

<p>Dreams reflect personal desires and fears. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for Ea's plea to Enlil regarding the deluge?

<p>To show mercy so that the innocent do not perish. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which character is portrayed as the one who will experience equal status with the gods after the flood?

<p>Uta-Napishtim (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What theme is emphasized through Uta-Napishtim's wisdom in the context of the flood narrative?

<p>The futility of seeking immortality. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Gilgamesh's quest, which aspect is represented by his inability to resist sleep?

<p>Human vulnerability and mortality. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the proposal for a lion or a famine instead of a flood symbolize in the text?

<p>The different forms of suffering that can affect humanity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do dreams play in Uta-Napishtim's story?

<p>They are a means of divine communication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What message does Enlil's blessing to Uta-Napishtim convey about the nature of gods and humanity?

<p>There is hope for humanity through divine grace. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the overall tone of the dialogue between Ea and Enlil regarding the deluge?

<p>Reflective and cautionary. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Uta-Napishtim’s story ultimately teach about the quest for eternal life?

<p>It is a foolish endeavor without merit. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the plant that Gilgamesh encounters symbolize?

<p>Eternal youth and life (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Gilgamesh's quest ultimately end?

<p>He loses the plant to a serpent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the name 'Greybeard-who-turneth-to-man-in-his-prime' signify?

<p>The desire for immortality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What theme is prominently illustrated by Gilgamesh's tears after losing the plant?

<p>The inevitable nature of mortality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does Ur-Shanabi play in Gilgamesh's journey?

<p>He serves as a guide and companion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mythological interpretation can be derived from the serpent taking the plant?

<p>It signifies the triumph of nature over man (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Gilgamesh's decision to eat the plant suggest about his character?

<p>He is driven by selfish desires (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the heavy stones that Gilgamesh binds to his feet?

<p>They illustrate the challenges he faces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Gilgamesh's concern

Gilgamesh worries about a robber stealing his courage and the presence of death in his bedchamber.

Ur-Shanabi's role

Ur-Shanabi is the boatman who acts as a guide for Uta-Napishtim and Gilgamesh.

Uta-Napishtim's response to Gilgamesh

Uta-Napishtim talks about the limits of the crossing and the stains on a man's body.

Gilgamesh's action

Gilgamesh is seeking advice form Uta-Napishtim and looking for a solution to his problems related to death and courage

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Ur-Shanabi role in crossing

Ur-Shanabi's role is related to the crossing, which poses restrictions to those who come to its border.

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Gilgamesh's quest for immortality

Gilgamesh searches for a plant that grants eternal youth to undo his grief over the death of his friend

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Plant of great wonder

Plant, thought to grant desires and youth, found by Gilgamesh and sought by him to regain life.

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Plant's effect

Plant that is supposed to restore one to a youthful state

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Gilgamesh and Ur-Shanabi

Gilgamesh recounts his quest to Ur-Shanabi, the boatman.

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Serpent's theft

A serpent steals the rejuvenating plant from Gilgamesh before he can use it.

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Gilgamesh's disappointment

Gilgamesh grieves over the failure of his quest for immortality due to the serpent.

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Vanquished quest

Gilgamesh's attempt to attain immortality through the plant's power fails

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Desiring immortality

Gilgamesh's desire for immortality is central to his quest and ultimately unattainable.

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Who devised the flood?

Ea, the god of wisdom, is credited with devising the plan for the great flood. He is described as having knowledge of all designs and being privy to secrets.

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Ea's plea?

Ea pleads with Enlil, the war god, to be merciful and spare humanity from complete annihilation by the flood. He suggests alternatives, like a lion, jackal, famine or plague.

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Enlil's action after the flood?

After the flood subsides, Enlil, the war god, blesses Uta-Napishtim and his wife, granting them immortality. He also relocates them to the mouth of the rivers.

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Uta-Napishtim's new status?

Uta-Napishtim, the survivor of the flood, is elevated to godlike status. He becomes equal to the gods and enjoys eternal life with his wife.

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Uta-Napishtim's new dwelling?

Uta-Napishtim is relocated by the gods to the mouth of the rivers, a remote and symbolic location signifying his new divine status.

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Gilgamesh's goal?

Gilgamesh, the powerful king, seeks immortality and wishes to find a solution to his own mortality. He travels in search of Uta-Napishtim, hoping to learn his secret of eternal life.

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Gilgamesh's challenge?

Gilgamesh's quest for immortality is ultimately futile as he is a mortal and subject to the limitations of his human nature, including sleep and the eventual fate of all mortals.

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Enlil's question?

Enlil, the war god, questions who will assemble the gods for Gilgamesh's needs, suggesting that his desires are unfulfilled. He encourages him to not sleep for six days and a night, highlighting the fleeting nature of time and the difficulty of finding a solution.

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Study Notes

The Eleventh Tablet: The Flood

  • Gilgamesh questions Uta-Napishtim about standing before the gods and petitioning for eternal life.
  • Uta-Napishtim agrees to tell the story of the great flood.
  • The story centers around the city of Shurippak on the Euphrates.
  • The gods, especially Anu and Enlil, plan a great flood to destroy humanity.
  • The god Ea warns a mortal of the flood and instructs him to build an ark.
  • The man, Uta-Napishtim, follows the instructions and builds a large boat.
  • He fills it with animals and people.
  • A devastating flood ravages the land.
  • In preparation for the flood, the mortal gathers specific materials and people.
  • The ark's construction includes wood, pitch, and bitumen.
  • The ark's dimensions and shape are described in great detail.
  • The story highlights the cooperation and actions of a mortal in following instructions.
  • Uta-Napishtim informs Gilgamesh how he survived the flood.
  • Uta-Napishtim tells how he received instructions in the form of divine orders from Ea.
  • The mortal was instructed to fashion a vessel and disregard his possessions.
  • The mortal and his companions then embark in the ark.
  • The flood lasts for several days and completely covers the earth.
  • After the flood recedes, Uta-Napishtim releases birds to discover dry land.
  • The ark lands on Mount Nisir.
  • Uta-Napishtim and his people sacrificed animals to the gods to appease them.
  • The gods are pleased by this action and offer some relief and support.
  • Gilgamesh seeks to understand the reasons for the flood in the first place.
  • The text describes how the vessel's construction and filling were handled
  • Detailed directions were provided to accommodate and save everyone and their livestock.
  • The events emphasize the flood's devastation and the gods' actions toward humanity.
  • The gods' anger and desire to wipe out humanity are central to the story.
  • Uta-Napishtim's experiences show survival and adaptation to the disaster.

Further Details

  • Different versions of the text include various details, leading to different interpretations.
  • Parts of the text are fragmentary or damaged.
  • Some lines are difficult to translate due to language complexities.
  • The text discusses various divine figures and their roles in the events.
  • The story has survived across generations due to its profound themes.

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