David Paul Ausubel's Subsumption Theory of Meaningful Verbal Learning

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Questions and Answers

During which stage of Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development do children develop the ability to think symbolically?

Preoperational Stage (correct)

Concrete Operational Stage

Postoperational Stage

Sensorimotor Stage

According to constructivist theorists, how do learners actively construct their own learning?

By passively receiving information

By avoiding interaction with the environment

By ignoring prior knowledge and experiences

By building on existing values, beliefs, and knowledge (correct)

In the Concrete Operational Stage of Piaget's theory, children start to work things out in their head rather than physically in the real world. At what age range does this stage typically occur?

2 years to 7 years

Birth to 2 years

7 years to 11 years (correct)

11 years to 15 years

Which concept from Piaget's theory refers to the idea that something still exists when you can't see it?

Object Permanence Signup and view all the answers

What do constructivist theorists believe is crucial for new learning to take place?

Tying new information into existing values and knowledge Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best represents Piaget's view on learning across cultures?

Learning is highly individualized and varies across cultures Signup and view all the answers

What is the core idea of the Stage Theory of Information discussed in the text?

Information is processed and stored in stages involving sensory memory and short-term memory. Signup and view all the answers

In the Cognitive Domain, what does 'Valuing' refer to?

The student's appropriation of worth, showing belief or preference. Signup and view all the answers

What major change occurred in Bloom's original subdivisions in 2000-01?

Revised organization of the subdivisions by David Krathwohl and Lorin Anderson. Signup and view all the answers

What does the text define as the Psychomotor Domain?

Refers to how we use our bodies and senses to interact with the world, involving physical movements and functions. Signup and view all the answers

How long does information typically last in short-term memory according to the text?

20 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for sensations in sensory memory to be passed on to working memory?

They must activate a known schema or be of interest to the person. Signup and view all the answers

According to Piaget, how does language relate to thought?

Thought drives language Signup and view all the answers

What defines the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) according to Vygotsky?

The space where collaborative learning occurs with a More Knowledgeable Other (MKO) Signup and view all the answers

In Vygotsky's theory, what are Elementary Mental Functions associated with?

Internal cognitive processes Signup and view all the answers

What process is described as the enlargement of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?

Scaffolding Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the More Knowledgeable Other (MKO) in Vygotsky's theory?

Is someone who knows more than the child but doesn't have to be an adult Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential aspect of professional ethics in healthcare professions?

Adherence to professional ethics Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary means of communication between the More Knowledgeable Other (MKO) and the child in Vygotsky's theory?

Social Speech Signup and view all the answers

Which developmental stage according to Vygotsky is characterized by the development of abstract thought, logic, and hypothesis testing?

Formal Operational Stage Signup and view all the answers

What does Vygotsky believe is an integral part of cognitive development in his theory?

Social learning Signup and view all the answers

What concept in Vygotsky's theory involves the child's 'inner voice' that develops from internalizing social speech?

Private Speech Signup and view all the answers

According to Vygotsky, what is critical for providing the child with more tools in the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?

Rich socio-cultural environment Signup and view all the answers

Which concept refers to the range of tasks that a child can perform with the help of a more skilled individual in Vygotsky's theory?

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) Signup and view all the answers

According to Ausubel's Subsumption Theory, meaningful learning can only occur if:

New information is subsumed into existing cognitive structures that are organized and differentiated. Signup and view all the answers

In Rumelhart's Schema Theory, schemata are:

Knowledge structures that store concepts and how to use them in memory. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the process of 'Restructuring' in Schema Theory?

Creating a new schema by copying and modifying an old schema. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of 'Tuning' in Schema Theory?

Remembering the route to work. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Ausubel's Subsumption Theory, which of the following would be an example of meaningful learning?

Understanding the concept of photosynthesis by relating it to prior knowledge of plant biology. Signup and view all the answers

Based on Rumelhart's Schema Theory, which of the following would be an example of 'Tuning' rather than 'Restructuring'?

Remembering the combination to a new lock after changing it from the previous one. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Blooms Taxonomy

Cognitive Domain: 6 levels of cognitive processing, including Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis, and Evaluation
Affective Domain: 5 levels of emotional processing, including Receiving, Responding, Valuing, Organization, and Characterization
Psychomotor Domain: 7 levels of physical processing, including Perception, Set, Guided Response, Mechanism, Complex Overt Response, Adaptation, and Origination

Stage Theory of Information

3 stages: Sensory Memory, Short-term Memory, and Long-term Memory
Sensory Memory: fleeting, lasts about 1-3 seconds
Short-term Memory: lasts about 20 seconds
Long-term Memory: firm, tied to existing schema

Constructivism

Learning theory that emphasizes the role of prior knowledge and experiences in shaping new learning
Learner actively constructs their own learning through interaction with their environment
New information must tie into existing values, beliefs, and knowledge

Vygotsky's Theory of Learning

Social learning is integral to cognitive development
Culture, not developmental stage, underlies cognitive development
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD): the distance between what a learner can do unaided and what they can do with guidance
More Knowledgeable Other (MKO): a person who provides guidance and support in the ZPD
Scaffolding: the process of providing guidance and support to help learners reach their full potential

Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development

Sensorimotor Stage (0-2 years): learning basic Schemas and Object Permanence
Preoperational Stage (2-7 years): developing more Schemas and symbolic thought
Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years): working out problems mentally
Formal Operational Stage (11+ years): abstract thought and logic development

Other Theorists

David Paul Ausubel: Subsumption Theory of Meaningful Verbal Learning
Rumelhart and Norman: Schema Theory, including Schema Evolution and Tuning

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Description

Learn about David Paul Ausubel's Subsumption Theory that focuses on new information being incorporated into existing cognitive structures for meaningful learning. This theory emphasizes the importance of organizing and differentiating cognitive structures for effective learning.