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Questions and Answers
What is a database?
What is a database?
An organized collection of data designed to store and retrieve data from a specific purpose.
What are the three types of binary relationships?
What are the three types of binary relationships?
What are the five most common data models?
What are the five most common data models?
Hierarchical, network, relational, multidimensional, and object-oriented
What is the purpose of the DBMS?
What is the purpose of the DBMS?
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What are three principal components of the DBMS?
What are three principal components of the DBMS?
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What are the steps of the database development process?
What are the steps of the database development process?
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What are the four main objects in Access?
What are the four main objects in Access?
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What are the two file extensions used in Access for saving databases?
What are the two file extensions used in Access for saving databases?
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In Access, rows and columns are referred to as records and fields.
In Access, rows and columns are referred to as records and fields.
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Queries are used to present your data in print.
Queries are used to present your data in print.
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Forms are used to view data that already exists.
Forms are used to view data that already exists.
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What are the key functions that a database software allows you to do?
What are the key functions that a database software allows you to do?
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What is the difference between the File processing system and the Database approach?
What is the difference between the File processing system and the Database approach?
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Study Notes
Database and Information Management
- Database management systems (DBMS) are software solutions for organizing and managing data resources within information systems.
- Data is a crucial asset in information technology as its absence halts organizational operations.
- Effective data management structures data logically for easy access, efficient processing, rapid retrieval, and effective management.
Learning Objectives
- Students will grasp fundamental database concepts and understand traditional data management challenges.
- They will learn how database management systems (DBMS), particularly relational DBMSs, function and their capabilities.
- Students will understand data management system principles and tools used for improving business performance through data analysis and decision-making.
Introduction
- In information technology (IT), data forms the most valuable asset as its absence causes business operations to cease.
- Data organization and logical structure within information systems (IS) is vital for access, efficient processing, swift retrieval, and effective management.
- Data management encompasses the methodologies for overseeing data as a valuable resource.
- A database is a structured collection of organized data.
- DBMSs are used to manage digital databases for data creation, maintenance, searching, and other access operations.
The Database System Environment
- The database system environment encompasses various roles and components, including analysts, programmers, database designers, and end-users, each with responsibilities connected to data management within the system.
- The environment includes procedures and standards, database designers who design the database structure, and database administrators who oversee data management operations (e.g., maintenance of existing databases).
Databases, Data, and Information
- Database: A collection of organized data.
- Data: Raw, unprocessed items (e.g., text, numbers, images, audio, video).
- Information: Processed and organized data with meaning and use.
Databases, Data, and Information (School Example)
- Data collection, processing, and conversion to information can be illustrated by a school setting, wherein student information is collected, stored in a database, processed to generate student schedules and advising details, which is then presented in usable format(e.g., student ID card).
Databases, Data, and Information, DBMS
- DBMSs (database management systems) are software programs (such as Microsoft Access) enabling users to create, update, and access data.
Databases, Data, and Information, Hierarchy
- Databases are constructed hierarchically, starting with bits and bytes, escalating to fields, records, and files
- These layers of data are logically organized for effective storage and retrieval.
Characters, Fields, Records, and Files
- Data is structured in levels.
- Characters, fields, records, and files form a hierarchical structure.
Databases, Data, and Information, Tables
- Tables are the core structures of a relational database.
- Tables comprise rows (records, tuples) and columns (fields, attributes), containing data organized and related through common data items/key fields.
Primary Key
- A primary key is a unique identifier for each record within a table.
File/Table
- A file (or table) is a structured collection of related records (rows).
- For instance, 100 employee records in a file about "Employee Personal Details."
- In a DBMS, files are integrated into a structured database through DBMS software.
Traditional Filing Systems
- Traditional filing systems are manual data management methods for storing and organizing data.
- Data is managed and updated manually until needed.
File Processing Systems and Databases
- File processing systems store data in disparate files, each specialized by the departments or areas they serve.
- Databases unite data from diverse sources.
Five Common Data Models
- Hierarchical, network, relational, multidimensional, and object-oriented are common data models.
Hierarchical Database
- Hierarchical databases store data in a tree-like structure.
- A parent node can have multiple child nodes, but each child node has only one parent node.
Network Database
- In a network database, nodes are connected, allowing a child node to have multiple parent nodes (many-to-many relationships).
Relational Database
- Data in a relational database is organized into tables with rows and columns.
- Relationships between tables are established using common data elements or key fields.
Relational Database Operations
- DBMS operations like SELECT, JOIN, and PROJECT allow the creation of subsets of existing data (rows and columns) based on criteria.
Multidimensional Database
- Multidimensional databases model data as facts, dimensions, and numeric answers.
- They handle vast amounts of data for decision-making in areas like business, utilizing colloquial language for questions and representing complex relationships.
Object-Oriented Database
- Object-oriented databases organize data using objects, classes, attributes, and methods.
Databases and the Web
- Modern companies employ web-based interfaces for accessing internal databases.
- A typical web-based database setup uses a web server, application server, and a database server.
Database Development
- Database development procedures are typically top-down oriented.
- A phased approach spanning data planning, requirements specification, conceptual design, logical design, and physical design steps is characteristic of database development.
Data Dictionary
- A data dictionary acts as a reference catalog for defining and documenting data elements and their associated attributes.
Database Development Process
- Data planning, Requirements specification, Conceptual Design, logical design, physical design are the steps involved in this process.
Logical Data Models
- Logical data models use a standard method e.g , relational,network,hierarchical, multidimensional, or object-oriented models to show data elements and their relationships. This helps understand the structure and connections amongst these elements.
Physical Data Models
- Physical data models offer a visual representation of how data is structured and stored physically on storage devices.
Database Management System (DBMS)
- Database management systems (DBMS) are software tools used to create, access, modify, and manage different types of information.
Data types in DBMS
- Data types (e.g., text, numeric, date, etc.) specify the kind of data a database field can hold.
Query Language (SQL)
- SQL (Structured Query Language) is a standard language for accessing data in a relational database.
- It provides simple, English-like commands for data management, (e.g., retrieve, print, store, update, delete) tasks).
DBMS tools
- Tools like query languages, query by example (QBE), forms, and report writers assist users in managing data in a database system and extracting information (e.g. to present data for print or display).
- Forms and report writers are visual interface components of a DBMS for enhancing and organizing database records.
MS Access 2013 Objects
- Tables, queries, forms, and reports are the core data objects in Microsoft Access 2013.
- Macro and modules are additional objects within Access.
Access Files
- Older Access database files (before 2007) commonly used the *.mdb extension.
- Newer Access 2007 and subsequent versions utilize *.accdb files.
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Description
This quiz covers fundamental concepts and challenges in database management systems (DBMS). Students will learn about the function of relational DBMSs and the importance of data management in enhancing business performance and decision-making. Test your understanding of key principles and tools in data management.
