Database Management Systems

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary advantage of Random Access Files over other database technologies?

Support for hierarchical data relationships
Independent of physical implementation techniques
Direct access to a specific record (correct)
Wide acceptance of relational DBMS products

Which of the following database technologies is dependent on predefined, physical pointers?

Relational Database
Network Database
Hierarchical Database (correct)
Random Access Files

What is the main limitation of the Traditional File Environment?

Restricted to single-record access
Limited support for hierarchical data relationships
Dependent on physical implementation techniques
Data redundancy and processing inflexibility (correct)

What is the primary characteristic of a Relational Database?

Support for all logical data relationships (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Early File Processing system?

Programs communicate directly with files (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of each application requiring a unique data file in the Traditional File Environment?

Data redundancy and processing inflexibility (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between Hierarchical Database and Network Database?

Support for non-hierarchical network data relationships (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of the Relational Database over the Traditional File Environment?

Logical data access, independent of physical implementation techniques (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a major issue with conventional file systems?

Lengthy development times (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of program-data dependence in conventional file systems?

Changes to file structure require updates to all accessing programs (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a problem that arises from data redundancy in conventional file systems?

Data inconsistencies and additional storage needs (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of data sharing in conventional file systems?

Files are incompatible due to differences in data formats (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between data stored in files and the software programs that update and maintain those files in conventional file systems?

Program-data dependence (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of changing a file structure in conventional file systems?

Changes are required to the file descriptions for all programs that access the file (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of conventional file systems?

Sequential file processing in batch mode (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a problem with having duplicate data in multiple data files in conventional file systems?

Possibility for data inconsistencies (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason to use a Database Management System (DBMS)?

To improve the efficiency of data storage and retrieval (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of a Relational Database over a Hierarchical Database?

It provides a more flexible data model (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Requirements Modeling in the database design process?

To decide on the entities and their relationships (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a Sequential File?

All records must be processed in sequence (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using a DBMS for data storage?

It allows for efficient data storage and retrieval (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a Database and a Database Management System (DBMS)?

A Database is a collection of data, while a DBMS is a software package (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Schema Design in the database design process?

To define the database schema (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using a DBMS for data access?

It allows for efficient querying and data manipulation (D) Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

What is a Database System?

A database is a collection of organized information that can be easily accessed, managed, and updated.
A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software package designed to store and manage databases efficiently.

Why Use a DBMS?

DBMS offers efficient data storage, query and data manipulation language, different views of the same data, data integrity and security, support for application development, concurrent access by multiple users, and data analysis, mining, and visualization.

How to Use a DBMS

Requirements modeling: decide what entities to include in the application and their relationships.
Schema design and database creation: decide on a database schema, define the schema to the DBMS, and load data into the database.
Access to data: use a database language, write database application programs, and use database application programs.

Evolution of Database Technology

Conventional File Systems (1950s)
Hierarchical Database (1960s)
Network Database (1960s)
Relational Database (1970s)
Object-Oriented Database (1990s)
Object-Relational Database (1990s)

Conventional File Systems

Sequential Files: all records in a file must be processed in sequence.
Random Access Files: supports direct access to a specific record.

Problems with File Environment

Each functional area maintains its own data files and programs, leading to data redundancy, processing inflexibility, and wasted storage resources.
Data redundancy: duplicate data in multiple files.
Limited data sharing: each application has its own private files.
Program-data dependence: close relationship between data and software programs that update and maintain files.

Traditional File Environment

Users communicate requirements to programmers.
Programmers build and maintain programs and generate input data.
Programs communicate directly with files, which may be shared by several programs.
Results eventually filter down to users.

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