38 Questions
What type of application is an airline reservation system?
Database application
What problem arises when storing data in multiple file formats?
Data redundancy and inconsistency
What is the primary function of Data Definition Language (DDL)?
To define the database schema
What is a characteristic of the relational model?
Data stored in various tables
What does the term 'instance' refer to in the context of databases?
The actual content of the database at a particular point in time
What is the primary key in a database?
A field that uniquely identifies a row in a table
Which type of DML requires specifying what data is needed without specifying how to get that data?
Declarative DML
Which of the following is an example of a database application?
Banking transactions
What is the primary function of a Database Administrator (DBA)?
Managing the database schema and storage structure
In which era did SQL emerge as an industrial standard?
1980s
What is a characteristic of NoSQL systems?
They are designed for big data storage
What translates DML statements into low-level instructions?
DML compiler
What is an example of a database application?
Manufacturing
What is a collection of operations that performs a single logical function in a database application?
Transaction
What problem can occur when data is stored in multiple file formats?
Both data redundancy and inconsistency
What type of database is distributed across multiple physical locations?
Distributed databases
What is the primary advantage of declarative DMLs over procedural DMLs?
They focus on what data is required rather than how to retrieve it
What is the logical schema of a database?
The logical structure of the database
How does the relational model store data?
In tables (relations)
What is the purpose of a primary key in a database?
To uniquely identify each record in a table
What can be said about SQL as a programming language?
It is a declarative language
What is the primary goal of transaction management?
To ensure the database remains in a consistent state despite failures
In a two-tier architecture, how does the client machine interact with the database?
Directly with the database
What does the term 'instance' refer to in the context of a database?
The snapshot of the data stored in the database at a specific moment in time
What can be said about naive users of a database system?
They are unsophisticated users who interact with the system using predefined application programs
What is true about the relational model?
It stores data in tables (relations)
What is physical data independence?
The ability to change the physical schema without affecting the logical schema
What does a DDL compiler translate?
DDL statements into database schema
In a three-tier architecture, what component handles business logic?
Application server
What are parallel databases designed to improve?
Performance
What is the responsibility of the storage manager?
Storage, retrieval, and updating of data
What is the characteristic of parallel databases?
Using multiple processors and storage devices in a shared memory or shared disk configuration
In which decade was SQL developed?
1970s
What is the purpose of a database index?
To provide fast access to data items holding particular values
What components make up the query processor?
DDL interpreter and query evaluation engine
What is one of the key responsibilities of a database administrator?
To periodically back up the database
When did object-oriented database systems become prominent?
1980s
When did SQL become an industrial standard?
1980s
Study Notes
Database Applications
- Online gaming is not an example of a database application.
- Database applications include banking transactions, document databases, and airline reservations.
Data Storage Issues
- Storing data in multiple file formats can lead to data redundancy and inconsistency.
- Data redundancy and inconsistency occur when data is stored in multiple formats.
Data Definition Language (DDL)
- The primary purpose of DDL is to define the database schema.
- DDL is used to create the database schema.
Relational Model
- The relational model stores data in various tables.
- Data is not stored in hierarchical structures or a single flat file in a relational model.
Database Concepts
- An instance refers to the actual content of the database at a particular point in time.
- A primary key is a field that uniquely identifies a row in a table.
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
- Declarative DML specifies what data is needed without specifying how to get it.
- DML compiler translates DML statements into low-level instructions.
Database Architecture
- Client-server architecture is a type of database architecture.
- In a two-tier architecture, the client machine interacts directly with the database.
Database Administration
- The main function of a database administrator (DBA) is to manage the database schema and storage structure.
- A DBA is responsible for periodically backing up the database.
Database Era
- The 1980s saw the emergence of SQL as an industrial standard.
- SQL is a declarative language used for querying databases.
NoSQL Systems
- NoSQL systems are designed for big data storage.
Transactions
- A transaction is a collection of operations that performs a single logical function in a database application.
- Transaction management ensures that the database remains in a consistent state despite failures.
Database Components
- The query processor includes components like the DDL interpreter and the query evaluation engine.
- The storage manager is responsible for the storage, retrieval, and updating of data.
Database Design
- Physical data independence allows modifying the physical schema without changing the logical schema.
- A database index provides fast access to data items holding particular values.
Other
- Naive users are unsophisticated users who interact with the system using predefined application programs.
- Parallel databases involve many core shared memory or shared disk systems.
- Object-oriented database systems became prominent in the 1980s and 1990s.
Test your knowledge of database management systems with these multiple-choice questions. Covers topics such as database applications and data storage issues.
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