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Questions and Answers
What is the primary resource of an organization in a computerized information system?
What is the primary resource of an organization in a computerized information system?
What is the processed data that supports decision making and actions?
What is the processed data that supports decision making and actions?
What is a collection of related data stored in secondary memory?
What is a collection of related data stored in secondary memory?
What is the approach to information processing where each application has a separate master file and its own set of personal files?
What is the approach to information processing where each application has a separate master file and its own set of personal files?
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What is the disadvantage of file oriented approach in terms of storage and access cost?
What is the disadvantage of file oriented approach in terms of storage and access cost?
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What is the representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a formal manner?
What is the representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a formal manner?
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What are the characteristics of data?
What are the characteristics of data?
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What is the significance of data in an organization?
What is the significance of data in an organization?
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Which of the following is NOT a problem in a file processing system?
Which of the following is NOT a problem in a file processing system?
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What is the main reason for data inconsistency in a file processing system?
What is the main reason for data inconsistency in a file processing system?
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What is the primary concern in ensuring atomicity in a file processing system?
What is the primary concern in ensuring atomicity in a file processing system?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of a database?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a database?
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What is the term for data that can be removed from a database due to an explicit request from a user?
What is the term for data that can be removed from a database due to an explicit request from a user?
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Which of the following is NOT a problem with data validation in a file processing system?
Which of the following is NOT a problem with data validation in a file processing system?
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What is the primary advantage of using a database over a file processing system?
What is the primary advantage of using a database over a file processing system?
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What is the term for a database that combines data from different files and removes any redundancy?
What is the term for a database that combines data from different files and removes any redundancy?
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Study Notes
Importance of Data Management
- Data is the basic resource of an organization, and proper organization and management are required for the organization to run smoothly.
- Accurate and reliable data is necessary for better decision making, ensuring privacy of data, and controlling data efficiently.
Definition of Data
- Data is known facts or figures that have implicit meaning.
- Data can also be defined as the representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a formal manner, suitable for understanding and processing.
- Data can be represented in alphabets (A-Z, a-z), digits (0-9), and using special characters (+, -, #, $, etc.).
Information
- Information is processed data on which decisions and actions are based.
- Information can be defined as organized and classified data to provide meaningful values.
- Example: "The age of Ravi is 25" is information.
File
- A file is a collection of related data stored in secondary memory.
- In a file-oriented approach, each application has a separate master file and its own set of personal files.
Disadvantages of File-Oriented Approach
- Data redundancy and inconsistency: same information may be written in several files, leading to higher storage and access cost and data inconsistency.
- Difficulty in accessing data: conventional file processing systems do not allow data to be retrieved in a convenient and efficient manner according to user choice.
- Data isolation: data are scattered in various files, making it difficult to retrieve appropriate data with new application programs.
- Integrity problems: enforcing data validation is difficult when new constraints are added.
- Atomicity: ensuring atomicity is difficult in a file processing system when transaction failure occurs.
- Concurrent access: it is not possible to access the same file for multiple transactions at the same time.
- Security problems: there is no security provided in file processing systems to secure data from unauthorized user access.
Database
- A database is an organized collection of related data of an organization stored in a formatted way, shared by multiple users.
- The main features of data in a database are:
- Well-organized
- Related
- Accessible in a logical order without any difficulty
- Stored only once
- Example: a student file containing roll no, name, and address is a collection of related data with an implicit meaning.
- Data in a database may be persistent, integrated, and shared.
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Description
Learn about the importance of data management in organizations, including data storage, privacy, and control. Understand how a database management system helps in making informed decisions.
