Database Fundamentals Quiz

Database Fundamentals

• A database is a collection of organized data that is stored in a way that allows for efficient retrieval and manipulation.
• Databases are used to store and manage large amounts of data in a structured and controlled manner.

Database Management Systems (DBMS)

• A DBMS is a software system that allows users to define, create, maintain, and manipulate databases.
• Examples of DBMS: MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle.

Database Models

• Relational model: Organizes data into tables with rows and columns, where each row represents a single record and each column represents a field or attribute.
• Object-oriented model: Represents data as objects and the relationships between them.
• Network model: Organizes data as a network of connected records.
• Hierarchical model: Organizes data in a tree-like structure.

Database Schema

• A database schema is the overall structure or organization of a database, including the relationships between different data entities.
• A schema includes:
  • Tables or relations
  • Attributes or fields
  • Relationships between tables

Data Normalization

• Data normalization is the process of organizing data to minimize data redundancy and dependency.
• Normalization rules:
  1. First Normal Form (1NF): Each table cell must contain a single value.
  2. Second Normal Form (2NF): Each non-key attribute in a table must depend on the entire primary key.
  3. Third Normal Form (3NF): If a table is in 2NF, and a non-key attribute depends on another non-key attribute, then it should be moved to a separate table.

Database Operations

• Create: Create a new database or table.
• Read: Retrieve data from a database.
• Update: Modify existing data in a database.
• Delete: Delete data from a database.

Database Security

• Authentication: Verifying the identity of a user or application.
• Authorization: Controlling access to database resources based on user identity or role.
• Encryption: Protecting data by converting it into a code that can only be deciphered with a key or password.

Database Fundamentals

• A database is a collection of organized data that allows for efficient retrieval and manipulation.
• Databases store and manage large amounts of data in a structured and controlled manner.

Database Management Systems (DBMS)

• A DBMS is a software system that defines, creates, maintains, and manipulates databases.
• Examples of DBMS include MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, and Oracle.

Database Models

• Relational model: Organizes data into tables with rows and columns, where each row represents a single record and each column represents a field or attribute.
• Object-oriented model: Represents data as objects and the relationships between them.
• Network model: Organizes data as a network of connected records.
• Hierarchical model: Organizes data in a tree-like structure.

Database Schema

• A database schema is the overall structure or organization of a database, including relationships between data entities.
• A schema consists of tables or relations, attributes or fields, and relationships between tables.

Data Normalization

• Data normalization is the process of organizing data to minimize data redundancy and dependency.
• Normalization rules include:
  • First Normal Form (1NF): Each table cell must contain a single value.
  • Second Normal Form (2NF): Each non-key attribute in a table must depend on the entire primary key.
  • Third Normal Form (3NF): If a table is in 2NF, and a non-key attribute depends on another non-key attribute, then it should be moved to a separate table.

Database Operations

• Create: Create a new database or table.
• Read: Retrieve data from a database.
• Update: Modify existing data in a database.
• Delete: Delete data from a database.

Database Security

• Authentication: Verifying the identity of a user or application.
• Authorization: Controlling access to database resources based on user identity or role.
• Encryption: Protecting data by converting it into a code that can only be deciphered with a key or password.