Database Fundamentals Quiz

Study Notes

A database is a collection of organized data that is stored in a way that allows for efficient retrieval and manipulation.
Databases are used to store and manage large amounts of data in a structured and controlled manner.

A DBMS is a software system that allows users to define, create, maintain, and manipulate databases.
Examples of DBMS: MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle.

Relational model: Organizes data into tables with rows and columns, where each row represents a single record and each column represents a field or attribute.
Object-oriented model: Represents data as objects and the relationships between them.
Network model: Organizes data as a network of connected records.
Hierarchical model: Organizes data in a tree-like structure.

A database schema is the overall structure or organization of a database, including the relationships between different data entities.
A schema includes:
- Tables or relations
- Attributes or fields
- Relationships between tables

Data normalization is the process of organizing data to minimize data redundancy and dependency.
Normalization rules:
1. First Normal Form (1NF): Each table cell must contain a single value.
2. Second Normal Form (2NF): Each non-key attribute in a table must depend on the entire primary key.
3. Third Normal Form (3NF): If a table is in 2NF, and a non-key attribute depends on another non-key attribute, then it should be moved to a separate table.

Authentication: Verifying the identity of a user or application.
Authorization: Controlling access to database resources based on user identity or role.
Encryption: Protecting data by converting it into a code that can only be deciphered with a key or password.

A database is a collection of organized data that allows for efficient retrieval and manipulation.
Databases store and manage large amounts of data in a structured and controlled manner.

A DBMS is a software system that defines, creates, maintains, and manipulates databases.
Examples of DBMS include MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, and Oracle.

Relational model: Organizes data into tables with rows and columns, where each row represents a single record and each column represents a field or attribute.
Object-oriented model: Represents data as objects and the relationships between them.
Network model: Organizes data as a network of connected records.
Hierarchical model: Organizes data in a tree-like structure.

A database schema is the overall structure or organization of a database, including relationships between data entities.
A schema consists of tables or relations, attributes or fields, and relationships between tables.

Data normalization is the process of organizing data to minimize data redundancy and dependency.
Normalization rules include:
- First Normal Form (1NF): Each table cell must contain a single value.
- Second Normal Form (2NF): Each non-key attribute in a table must depend on the entire primary key.
- Third Normal Form (3NF): If a table is in 2NF, and a non-key attribute depends on another non-key attribute, then it should be moved to a separate table.

Authentication: Verifying the identity of a user or application.
Authorization: Controlling access to database resources based on user identity or role.
Encryption: Protecting data by converting it into a code that can only be deciphered with a key or password.