Database Fundamentals Quiz

Database Fundamentals

• A database is a collection of organized data that is stored in a way that allows for efficient retrieval and manipulation.
• A database management system (DBMS) is a software system that allows you to define, create, maintain, and manipulate databases.

Database Types

• Relational databases:
  • Organize data into one or more tables with rows and columns.
  • Each row represents a single record, and each column represents a field or attribute.
  • Examples: MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server.
• NoSQL databases:
  • Designed to handle large amounts of unstructured or semi-structured data.
  • Examples: MongoDB, Cassandra, Redis.
• Object-oriented databases:
  • Store data in the form of objects, similar to object-oriented programming.
  • Examples: Gemstone, Matisse.

Database Normalization

• First Normal Form (1NF): Each table cell must contain a single value.
• Second Normal Form (2NF): Each non-key attribute in a table must depend on the entire primary key.
• Third Normal Form (3NF): If a table is in 2NF, and a non-key attribute depends on another non-key attribute, then it should be moved to a separate table.

Database Design

• Entity-Relationship (ER) modeling: A methodology for designing databases that uses entities, attributes, and relationships to represent data.
• Schema: The overall structure of a database, including the relationships between tables.

Database Operations

• CRUD:
  • Create: Insert new data into the database.
  • Read: Retrieve data from the database.
  • Update: Modify existing data in the database.
  • Delete: Remove data from the database.
• Querying: Retrieving specific data from a database using a query language, such as SQL.

Database Security

• Authentication: Verifying the identity of a user or system.
• Authorization: Controlling access to database resources based on user identity and permissions.
• Encryption: Protecting data in transit or at rest using encryption algorithms.