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Questions and Answers
What is one of the advantages of using the database approach?
What is one of the advantages of using the database approach?
What type of systems require up-to-date information?
What type of systems require up-to-date information?
What is a benefit of consolidating data and applications across departments?
What is a benefit of consolidating data and applications across departments?
When were the Hierarchical and Network Models introduced?
When were the Hierarchical and Network Models introduced?
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What type of systems emerged in the 1980’s?
What type of systems emerged in the 1980’s?
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What was originally introduced in 1970?
What was originally introduced in 1970?
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What type of applications drove the need for OODBMSs?
What type of applications drove the need for OODBMSs?
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What is used to markup language on the Web?
What is used to markup language on the Web?
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What is used in E-commerce applications?
What is used in E-commerce applications?
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What has given rise to new applications and E-commerce standards?
What has given rise to new applications and E-commerce standards?
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Study Notes
Types of Databases and Database Applications
- Databases can be classified into numeric, textual, multimedia, real-time, and active databases.
- Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and data warehouses are also variations of database applications.
Basic Definitions
- A database is a collection of related data, while data consists of known facts that can be recorded.
- A Database Management System (DBMS) facilitates the management and manipulation of databases.
DBMS Functionality
- DBMS features include defining databases with data types and constraints, loading databases into storage, querying, and generating reports.
- Essential functionalities also involve concurrent processing to maintain data validity and consistency.
Example of a Database
- A conceptual model featuring entities like students, courses, sections, departments, and instructors is commonly found in university environments.
- Relationships include sections linked to specific courses and students majoring in particular departments.
Main Characteristics of the Database Approach
- Self-describing nature: A DBMS catalog stores metadata, enabling compatibility with various databases.
- Program-data independence: Changes in data storage structures won't necessitate modifications in access programs.
- Data abstraction: Uses data models to obscure storage details while presenting a clear conceptual view.
- Support for multiple views: Different users can have unique perspectives of the database tailored to their needs.
Levels of Abstraction
- Physical level: Concerns the actual storage of records and access paths.
- Logical level: Describes the data and relationships, omitting physical storage concerns.
- View level: Enables different application programs to display certain data while maintaining security by hiding sensitive information.
Categories of End-users
- Sophisticated users: Familiar with system capabilities, often utilizing advanced software packages for data manipulation.
- Stand-alone users: Manage personal databases through pre-packaged applications, such as those for tax preparation.
Advantages of Using the Database Approach
- Redundancy control: Minimizes data duplication and reduces maintenance efforts.
- Data sharing: Allows multiple users to access and share data seamlessly.
- Security measures: Restricts unauthorized access and ensures data confidentiality.
- Efficient query processing: Optimizes storage structures for faster data retrieval.
- Backup and recovery: Provides services to ensure data integrity and availability.
Historical Development of Database Technology
- The hierarchical and network models were prominent in the 1960s and 70s, with relational models emerging in the 1980s.
- Object-Oriented Database Management Systems (OODBMS) were developed in the late 1980s to handle complex data but did not gain wide adoption.
- The evolution of the web introduced new standards like HTML and XML, fostering e-commerce applications and linking data across platforms.
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Description
Test your knowledge of database concepts, including types of databases, DBMS functionality, and characteristics of the database approach. Explore the advantages and history of database technology.
