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Questions and Answers
What does the confidentiality aspect of the CIA triad protect against?
How does integrity contribute to database security?
What is a primary purpose of backing up a database?
Which of the following methods can help ensure the availability of data?
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What is a challenge associated with backing up a sizable database?
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When restoring a database, what information might be included in the backup files?
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What does availability in the CIA triad ensure?
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Which of the following scenarios would likely require the use of a recovery utility?
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What is a significant challenge in the design and setup of databases?
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Which statement about the capacity of databases compared to spreadsheets is true?
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Why is it vital to secure databases?
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What characteristic is essential for relational databases?
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What is one of the primary advantages of using SQL for database management?
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What is required for those who create and maintain databases?
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What type of data do records in a database store?
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Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice for database security?
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Why is encryption of sensitive data crucial in database security?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding changes in databases?
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What is a potential consequence of a data breach for companies?
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What aspect of data handling do databases excel in compared to spreadsheets?
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How should database users be managed to enhance security?
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In what context is it acceptable to not encrypt all data in a database?
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Which SQL command is used to add records to a database table?
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What is a significant risk for companies that store sensitive data?
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What does the 'Velocity' aspect of Big Data refer to?
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Which of the following best describes a key-value database?
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What is required for data to become valuable information?
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Which additional 'V' indicates the significance of data in decision-making?
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Which of the following best defines Big Data?
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Why do nonrelational databases, such as NoSQL, provide advantages over traditional relational databases?
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Which of the following is NOT a common example of data variety mentioned in Big Data?
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What kind of data does the Internet of Things (IoT) produce?
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What does the term 'Veracity' refer to in the context of Big Data?
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What challenge do organizations face with large volumes of data?
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Which technology originally referred to as NoSQL has been redefined to also mean not-only SQL?
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Which example illustrates a source of Big Data?
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Why is it important to process data in meaningful ways?
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How does the structure of a relational database differ from that of a nonrelational database?
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What is a terabyte equivalent to?
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Which of the following types of data is least likely to be considered Big Data?
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Study Notes
### Database Advantages
- Databases can validate new data as it’s added, such as making sure that a phone number is entered into a CellPhoneNumber field. This helps ensure that the right data is being added.
- Databases can easily handle much more data than a spreadsheet. A spreadsheet might be limited to about a million rows, a database table can hold tens of millions of records.
- Databases are optimized to allow multiple users to see new or changed data as soon as it’s entered. Unlike spreadsheets, databases can track who made what changes and when.
Database Challenges
- Databases are complicated to design and set up, requiring detailed knowledge of the data in order to structure it appropriately.
- The people who create and maintain databases must have professional training.
- Databases require high performance hardware with high capacity memory and processing resources.
- Databases typically contain sensitive or mission-critical data that needs special protection.
- The database must be adequately secured to protect against intruders, and it must be sufficiently backed up in case of data loss or hardware failure.
Relational Databases
- Relational databases are aptly named because of the relationships between various types of data within the database.
- Relational databases are well suited for data that can be organized into tables where each record in a table stores the same type of information.
SQL
- SQL (Structured Query Language) is a programming language used to communicate with databases.
- SQL can query (select) data from a database, modify (update) existing data, add (insert) new data, or delete (delete) data.
- Mastery of SQL can significantly increase the efficiency of working with a database. Using SQL, the database administrator can perform large numbers of record additions, updates, or deletions with just one SQL statement.
Database Security
- Database security is crucial for companies who store sensitive and valuable data in their databases.
- A data breach can be costly for a company, potentially resulting in negative media exposure, a loss of trust with customers or business partners, and government fines and even jail time.
- Companies should follow best practices in database security, including:
- requiring users to use strong passwords
- limiting user access privileges to the minimum needed to perform their job
- placing database servers behind firewalls
- encrypting sensitive data
Database Backup and Recovery
- The CIA (Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability) triad is a classic security model for protecting data.
- Regularly backing up a database ensures that data is not lost in case of hardware failure, software problems, human error, or environmental threats (such as fire or flood).
- Databases can be recovered with minimal disruption using backup files.
Big Data
- The massive volume of data kept by a typical organization complicates storage and analysis processes, especially when the data is not structured in a way that allows it to be stored in traditional relational database tables.
- These large and complex data sources that defy traditional data processing methods are called Big Data.
- Big Data is often described according to the three Vs:
- Volume: the massive amount of data that must be stored and analyzed
- Variety: the different formats in which this data can exist (such as music or video files, photos, social media texts, financial transactions, IoT sensor data, and more)
- Velocity: the fact that this data is often generated and received at high speeds
- Two additional Vs often used to describe Big Data include:
- Value: how helpful that data is for making strategic decisions
- Veracity: how accurately the data reflects reality.
Nonrelational Databases
- Nonrelational databases (NoSQL) resolve many of the weaknesses of relational databases.
- Many kinds of data are stored in NoSQL databases.
- A key-value database is one simple example of a NoSQL database.
- Key-value databases (also called key-value stores) create any number of key-value pairs for each record.
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Description
Explore the key advantages and challenges of using databases compared to spreadsheets. This quiz highlights how databases validate data, handle large volumes of information, and support multiple users, along with the complexities of design and security requirements.