Data vs Information Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the focus of the resource-based view of the firm?

  • Managing financial resources effectively
  • Implementing cost-cutting measures
  • Explaining and predicting sustainable competitive advantage (correct)
  • Maximizing market share

    • According to the resource-based view, what are the conditions for knowledge to be considered a strategic asset?

  • It is common, adds value, can be replaced, and can be imitated
  • It is abundant, adds value, cannot be replaced, and can be imitated
  • It is scarce, adds no value, can be replaced, and cannot be imitated
  • It is rare, can add value, cannot be replaced, and cannot be imitated (correct)

    • What is a consequence of reductions in staffing in terms of knowledge management?

  • No impact on knowledge management
  • Increased informal knowledge sharing
  • Replacement of informal knowledge with formal methods (correct)
  • Diminished need for formal methods

    • What impact do competitive pressures have on valuable business knowledge?

    <p>Lead to loss of valuable business knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may result in the loss of knowledge in a specific area within an organization?

    <p>Changes in strategic direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does increasing mobility of the workforce have on knowledge management?

    <p>Leads to loss of knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What form does explicit knowledge take?

    <p>Rules and policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reasoning involves relating one concept to another?

    <p>Reasoning by analogy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential source for innovation and competitive advantage?

    <p>Values and beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most efficient model of learning according to the text?

    <p>Learning by doing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reasoning involves reasoning from a set of facts or individual cases to a general conclusion?

    <p>Inductive reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can tacit knowledge be found?

    <p>Insight and innovation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classic example of deductive reasoning given by Aristotle?

    <p>$All$ $men$ $are$ $mortal$. (major proposition)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reasoning involves using deductive or inductive methods?

    <p>Deductive reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the form of explicit knowledge that has less significance as a source for innovation and competitive advantages?

    <p>Rules and policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of learning is described as a function of time and talent?

    <p>Learning by experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'knowledge'?

    <p>The ability to apply rules of a discipline to complex real-world problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of knowledge is difficult to articulate and codify?

    <p>Intuitions and insights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'explicit knowledge'?

    <p>Knowledge transmitted in formal, systematic language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'tacit knowledge' primarily reside in?

    <p>The human mind, behavior, and perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of knowledge is related to having information about facts and state of things?

    <p>(Conditional knowledge) know-what</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of knowledge involves the processing, creating, or use of information in the mind of an individual?

    <p>(Procedural knowledge) know-how</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is derived from information in the same way that information is derived from data?

    <p>(Conditional knowledge) know-what</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text imply about arriving at the same understanding of data or information?

    <p>It requires sharing a history or context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Implicit knowledge' is best described as:

    <p>Hidden intuitions and insights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Explicit knowledge dissemination' is different from 'tacit knowledge dissemination' in that:

    <ul> <li>It can happen through information technology</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive knowledge' primarily refers to:

    <ul> <li>Basic discipline achieved through extensive training</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of knowledge involves having information about causal relationships between different elements?

    <p>System understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Knowledge Management (KM)?

    <p>Organizing and making available important knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what ways does knowledge management benefit individuals, communities of practice, and organizations?

    <p>Enhances professional skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field has played an important role in the growth of the Knowledge Management (KM) field through the concept of knowledge works and knowledge workers?

    <p>Human Resource Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a popular strategy during the 1980s to reduce overhead costs and increase profits, leading to an increased interest in Knowledge Management?

    <p>Downsizing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two fundamental shifts essential for the emergence of Knowledge Management (KM) as highlighted in the text?

    <p>Downsizing and technology development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main types of Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Knowledge discovery systems and knowledge application systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does data represent as described in the text?

    <p>Unorganized and unprocessed facts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relation between KM and organization science according to the text?

    <p>There is a strong relation between KM and organization science through the concept of learning organization (LO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has highlighted the interest in KM through two main sources according to the text?

    <p>The explosive growth of information resources such as Internet and accelerating pace of technological change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shift led management to undertake KM as a tool to retain employees’ knowledge according to the text?

    <p>Successful downsizing strategy that led to important knowledge loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does KM benefit individuals according to the text?

    <p>Helps people do their jobs and save time through better decision making and problem solving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the resource-based view of the firm attempt to explain and predict?

    <p>Why some firms can establish sustainable competitive advantage and earn superior returns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the conditions for knowledge to be considered a strategic asset according to the resource-based view?

    <p>Rare, adds value, cannot be replaced, cannot be imitated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of reductions in staffing in terms of knowledge management?

    <p>Need to replace informal knowledge with formal methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Knowledge Management (KM) according to the text?

    <p>To manage and leverage knowledge for organizational success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What form does explicit knowledge take?

    <p>Formal and systematic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can tacit knowledge primarily be found?

    <p>In the minds of individuals and within personal experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following refers to knowledge that is transmittable in formal, systematic language and can be captured and shared through information technology?

    <p>Explicit knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of knowledge is derived from information in the same way that information is derived from data?

    <p>Explicit knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does tacit knowledge primarily reside according to the text?

    <p>In human mind, behavior, and perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'implicit knowledge' refer to?

    <p>Knowledge that is hidden and refers to intuitions, experiences, and insights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is derived empirically and held by the organization's employees?

    <p>Tacit knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of knowledge involves having information about facts and state of things?

    <p>'Know-what' knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Polanyi 1966 identify as the most famous categories of knowledge?

    <p>'Tacit' knowledge &amp; 'Explicit' knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the view of knowledge as tacit and explicit suggest according to the text?

    <p>All knowledge has both tacit and explicit components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the subset of tacit knowledge that can be transformed into explicit known as?

    <p>'Implicit' knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Knowing how to use information, it presents an integration of all aspects of the personality including affects, willing, cognition, and life experience" refers to:

    <p>'Advanced' skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'trust in Allah, but tie your camel' represent according to the text?

    <p>Muslim proverb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can tacit knowledge primarily be found?

    <p>Values, ideas, beliefs, insight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reasoning involves reasoning from a set of facts or individual cases to a general conclusion?

    <p>Deductive reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most efficient model of learning according to the text?

    <p>Learning by doing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'explicit knowledge' primarily involve?

    <p>Rules, policies, procedures, researches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of knowledge involves having information about causal relationships between different elements?

    <p>Explicit knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of knowledge involves using deductive or inductive methods?

    <p>Explicit knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of learning is described as a function of time and talent?

    <p>Learning by experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main types of reasoning mentioned in the text?

    <p>Formal reasoning, Case-based reasoning, Deductive reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does learning by discovery involve?

    <p>Exploring a problem area with no advance knowledge of the objective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may result in significant learning outcomes requiring negatively stated questions?

    <p>Knowledgeable experts are more selective in the information they acquire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is knowledge management (KM) defined?

    <p>Focusing on organizing and making available important knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a theoretical root of knowledge management?

    <p>Organization Science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between KM and accounting?

    <p>Movement of intellectual capital (IC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role has Human Resource Management (HRM) played in the growth of KM field?

    <p>Introducing the concept of knowledge works and knowledge workers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source on which KM depends?

    <p>New IT applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two fundamental shifts that are essential for the emergence of Knowledge Management (KM)?

    <p>Downsizing and Technology development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is data different from information according to the text?

    <p>Data is unorganized and unprocessed facts, while information is organized and processed data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does knowledge first reside according to the text?

    <p>In the people’s minds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily resides in tacit knowledge according to the text?

    <p>In people's minds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Organizational processes and human factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does KM differ from information technology as per the text?

    <p>People are the core focus in KM, while technology is the core focus in information technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily refers to 'cognitive knowledge' as mentioned in the text?

    <p>The thinking process involved in creating knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main types of Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) as mentioned in the text?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

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