79 Questions
What is data visualization primarily used for?
To present information that can be seen and quickly understood
What type of data visualization tool represents information as a series of coordinates plotted on an axis?
Graph
What is the primary purpose of a bar graph?
To compare different sets of data
What do the intervals on an axis of a bar graph represent?
Ranges of values on a scale
What is the primary purpose of a pie chart?
To show the composition of something
What is a characteristic of sectors in a pie chart?
They are labeled with a percentage or number
What is the purpose of the slope of the hills in determining the best location for a settlement?
To make it difficult to build buildings
What is relief in the context of maps?
The representation of a change in elevation
What is the purpose of comprehension in analyzing a plot?
To comprehend the protagonist and plot
What is indirect characterization?
When the author shows the reader parts of the character
What is the definition of character motivation?
The reason for a character's actions and behaviors
What is the formula to find the number represented by a percentage in a pie chart?
Multiply the percentage (in decimal form) by the total
What is the primary motivation of the evil queen in the story?
To become the fairest in all the land
What is the main purpose of the setting in a story?
To establish the time and location of the story
What is the overall message that an author communicates through a story?
Theme
What is the purpose of tone in literature?
To show the author's attitude towards the subject matter
What is the primary characteristic of informational texts?
They are nonfiction and factual
What is the purpose of visual aids in informational texts?
To provide additional information and clarification
What is the purpose of a newspaper?
To release important news or information to the public as quickly and efficiently as possible.
What are the three components of a persuasive argument?
Claim, evidence, and reasoning.
What is the main goal of persuasive writing?
To change the position and viewpoint of the audience.
What is the purpose of the lead or lede paragraph in a newspaper article?
To contain the most essential information.
What is the primary purpose of ethos in persuasive writing?
To highlight the writer's relationship to the audience or their own knowledge/experience.
What is the purpose of a persuasive speech?
To persuade the audience to side with an idea.
What is the primary goal of an author when writing an informational text?
To inform the audience about a topic
What is the denotation of a word?
The definition of a word
What is the purpose of prewriting in the writing process?
To organize ideas and solve common writing problems
What is the purpose of a table of contents in an informational text?
To show the main goals of the writing and how the author will organize these ideas
What is an analogy used for in writing?
To make a comparison to explain a complex idea
What is the purpose of headings and subheadings in an informational text?
To separate and link the main ideas of the essay
What is the primary purpose of the introduction part of a persuasive speech?
To give a general overview of the speech
What is the purpose of the body part of a persuasive speech?
To provide evidence and examples
What is the main goal of the problem-solution persuasive speech?
To identify a problem and propose a solution
What is the purpose of the visualization stage in Monroe's motivated sequence?
To have the audience picture themselves enjoying the benefits
What is the final step in Monroe's motivated sequence?
Action
What is the purpose of the conclusion part of a persuasive speech?
To summarize the main points
What type of persuasive speech is best suited for topics that require a solution to a problem?
Problem-solution persuasive speech
What is the purpose of the need stage in Monroe's motivated sequence?
To present the problem to the audience
What is the purpose of the satisfaction stage in Monroe's motivated sequence?
To explain why the solution is the best
What is a common way for a speaker to ask the audience to support a proposal in a persuasive speech?
By signing a petition
How can you calculate the number represented by a percentage in a pie chart?
By multiplying the percentage by the total
What is the purpose of elevation above sea level in determining the best location for a settlement?
To consider the weather conditions
What is the purpose of comprehension when analyzing a plot?
To understand the plot and its elements
What is indirect characterization?
When the reader infers information about the character through action, speech, and thoughts
What is the primary purpose of relief on a map?
To represent a change in elevation
What is character motivation?
The reason for a character's actions and behaviors
What is the primary purpose of setting in a story?
To influence the plot and characters
What is the difference between tone and mood in literature?
Tone is the author's attitude, while mood is the reader's feeling
What is the primary purpose of visual aids in informational texts?
To support the author's claims and data
What is the primary characteristic of informational texts?
They are nonfiction and factual
What is the primary purpose of the table of contents in an informational text?
To organize the information and provide an overview
What is the primary purpose of the author's use of descriptive language?
To set the mood and atmosphere of the story
What is the main purpose of a newspaper?
To release important news or information to the public as quickly and as efficiently as possible
What is the primary goal of persuasive writing?
To change the position and viewpoint of the audience
What does CER stand for in persuasive writing?
Claim, Evidence, Reasoning
What is the purpose of the lead or lede paragraph in a newspaper article?
To contain the most essential information
What is the primary purpose of ethos in persuasive writing?
To gain support by highlighting the writer's relationship to the audience or their own knowledge/experience
What is the purpose of a persuasive speech?
To persuade the audience to side with an idea or think of a situation as the speaker does
What is the primary goal of an author when writing an informational text?
To inform the audience about a topic or build upon a previously known idea
What is the purpose of prewriting in the writing process?
To organize ideas before writing
What is the purpose of connotation in writing?
To create a specific tone or attitude
What is the purpose of a table of contents in an informational text?
To show the organization of the text and help readers find specific information
What is the purpose of an analogy in writing?
To compare two ideas or concepts and make them more relatable
What is the purpose of headings and subheadings in an informational text?
To separate and link main ideas and details
What is the primary purpose of the introduction part of a persuasive speech?
To give the audience a general overview of the speech
Which type of persuasive speech is best suited for topics that require a solution to a problem?
Problem-solution persuasive speech
What is the primary purpose of the body part of a persuasive speech?
To detail the main points with evidence and examples
What is the purpose of the visualization stage in Monroe's motivated sequence?
To have the audience picture themselves enjoying the benefits of the solution
What is the final step in Monroe's motivated sequence?
Action
What is the purpose of the conclusion part of a persuasive speech?
To summarize the main points and call for action
What is the primary goal of the problem-solution persuasive speech?
To identify a problem and propose a solution
What is the purpose of the need stage in Monroe's motivated sequence?
To identify the problem faced by the audience
What is the purpose of the satisfaction stage in Monroe's motivated sequence?
To propose a solution to the problem
What is a common way for a speaker to ask the audience to support a proposal in a persuasive speech?
By asking the audience to sign a petition
What is the primary difference between a bar graph and a pie chart?
A bar graph compares sets of data, while a pie chart represents an entire amount or whole.
Why is it important to note the intervals used in a bar graph?
Because the intervals affect the estimation of the value of each bar.
When would a pie chart be used to represent data?
When data needs to be represented as a fractional amount or part of the whole.
What is the characteristic of sectors in a pie chart?
They are always labeled with a category and a percentage.
What is the purpose of labeling axes in a bar graph?
To provide a scale for the data.
Study Notes
Data Visualization
- Data visualization is a process that presents information in a way that can be quickly and easily understood.
- A chart is a data visualization tool that represents information in a table format.
- A graph is a data visualization tool that represents information as a series of coordinates plotted on an axis.
Bar Graphs and Pie Charts
- Bar graphs compare sets of data using either horizontal or vertical bars.
- The length of each bar varies to show the data.
- Bar graphs are used to show change over a period of time and easily compare different sets of data.
- Pie charts use a circle to represent an entire amount or whole.
- Parts of the circle are sectioned off into sectors to show the size or measurement of each category of data.
Making Inferences
- Making inferences allows you to figure out information that isn't written in a text or shown in a diagram.
- Diagrams demonstrate how something works or looks.
- To make an inference, you take details from the diagram and combine them with what you already know to find hidden information.
Maps and Site Planning
- A site is the physical location of a settlement.
- A situation is the comparison of a site to its surroundings in terms of features.
- Factors to consider when determining the best location for a settlement include:
- Elevation above sea level
- Weather
- Valleys
- Ridges
- Slope
- Rivers
- Flood plains
- Plateaus
- Headlands
- Relief (representation of a change in elevation)
Analyzing a Plot
- To analyze a plot, use the following steps:
- Comprehend: identify the protagonist, comprehend the plot
- Interpret: identify obstacles, climax, and resolution
- Draw conclusions: identify the theme
Characterization
- Characterization is the process of developing characters and creating images of the characters for the reader.
- There are two types of characterization:
- Direct characterization: explicit information about the character
- Indirect characterization: showing the character's personality and traits through actions, thoughts, and speech
Character Motivation
- Character motivation is the reason for a character's actions and behaviors in a story.
- Examples of character motivation include:
- The evil queen's motivation to become the fairest in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
- Ralph's motivation to stay alive and be rescued in Lord of the Flies
Setting in Literature
- The setting in literature is the place, time, and social situation in which a story takes place.
- The setting influences the plot, characters, mood, and theme of a story.
- The setting shapes the characters' backgrounds and behaviors.
The Five Elements of a Story
- The five elements of a story are:
- Setting
- Character
- Plot
- Conflict
- Theme
- Authors use these elements to craft stories that communicate meaning to readers.
Tone and Mood
- Tone is the author's attitude toward the subject matter.
- Mood is the emotional atmosphere of a story.
- Tone and mood can be set through word choice, sentence structure, and figurative language.
Informational Texts
- Informational texts are nonfiction, factual writings that inform an audience about a topic.
- Features of informational texts include:
- Table of contents
- Index
- Appendix
- Preface
- Visual aids (graphs, diagrams, illustrations)
- Organizational structures (comparison and contrast, cause and effect, etc.)
Word Choice and Connotation
- Denotation is the definition of a word.
- Connotation is the extra feeling or emotion that a word carries.
- Writers use connotation to add tone and meaning to their writing.
Prewriting
- Prewriting is the first step in the writing process.
- Prewriting involves:
- Brainstorming ideas
- Making notes
- Identifying the style of writing required
- Organizing ideas through mind mapping
Writing an Article
- The components of an article are:
- Headline
- Byline
- Lead/Lede paragraph
- Explanation
- Additional information
- Journalists use the five Ws (Who, What, Where, When, Why, and How) to write an article.
Persuasive Writing
- The goal of persuasive writing is to change the audience's position or viewpoint.
- To write persuasively, you should:
- Choose a debatable topic
- Focus on a specific point of view
- Develop reasons
- Organize with research
- Avoid name-calling and stereotypes
CER (Claim, Evidence, Reasoning)
- CER is a framework for persuasive writing.
- The components of CER are:
- Claim: a statement that answers a question or takes a position
- Evidence: research, data, or textual evidence that supports the claim
- Reasoning: explains how and why the evidence supports the claim
Data Visualization
- Data visualization is a process that presents information in a way that can be quickly and easily understood.
- A chart is a data visualization tool that represents information in a table format.
- A graph is a data visualization tool that represents information as a series of coordinates plotted on an axis.
Bar Graphs and Pie Charts
- Bar graphs compare sets of data using either horizontal or vertical bars.
- The length of each bar varies to show the data.
- Bar graphs are used to show change over a period of time and easily compare different sets of data.
- Pie charts use a circle to represent an entire amount or whole.
- Parts of the circle are sectioned off into sectors to show the size or measurement of each category of data.
Making Inferences
- Making inferences allows you to figure out information that isn't written in a text or shown in a diagram.
- Diagrams demonstrate how something works or looks.
- To make an inference, you take details from the diagram and combine them with what you already know to find hidden information.
Maps and Site Planning
- A site is the physical location of a settlement.
- A situation is the comparison of a site to its surroundings in terms of features.
- Factors to consider when determining the best location for a settlement include:
- Elevation above sea level
- Weather
- Valleys
- Ridges
- Slope
- Rivers
- Flood plains
- Plateaus
- Headlands
- Relief (representation of a change in elevation)
Analyzing a Plot
- To analyze a plot, use the following steps:
- Comprehend: identify the protagonist, comprehend the plot
- Interpret: identify obstacles, climax, and resolution
- Draw conclusions: identify the theme
Characterization
- Characterization is the process of developing characters and creating images of the characters for the reader.
- There are two types of characterization:
- Direct characterization: explicit information about the character
- Indirect characterization: showing the character's personality and traits through actions, thoughts, and speech
Character Motivation
- Character motivation is the reason for a character's actions and behaviors in a story.
- Examples of character motivation include:
- The evil queen's motivation to become the fairest in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
- Ralph's motivation to stay alive and be rescued in Lord of the Flies
Setting in Literature
- The setting in literature is the place, time, and social situation in which a story takes place.
- The setting influences the plot, characters, mood, and theme of a story.
- The setting shapes the characters' backgrounds and behaviors.
The Five Elements of a Story
- The five elements of a story are:
- Setting
- Character
- Plot
- Conflict
- Theme
- Authors use these elements to craft stories that communicate meaning to readers.
Tone and Mood
- Tone is the author's attitude toward the subject matter.
- Mood is the emotional atmosphere of a story.
- Tone and mood can be set through word choice, sentence structure, and figurative language.
Informational Texts
- Informational texts are nonfiction, factual writings that inform an audience about a topic.
- Features of informational texts include:
- Table of contents
- Index
- Appendix
- Preface
- Visual aids (graphs, diagrams, illustrations)
- Organizational structures (comparison and contrast, cause and effect, etc.)
Word Choice and Connotation
- Denotation is the definition of a word.
- Connotation is the extra feeling or emotion that a word carries.
- Writers use connotation to add tone and meaning to their writing.
Prewriting
- Prewriting is the first step in the writing process.
- Prewriting involves:
- Brainstorming ideas
- Making notes
- Identifying the style of writing required
- Organizing ideas through mind mapping
Writing an Article
- The components of an article are:
- Headline
- Byline
- Lead/Lede paragraph
- Explanation
- Additional information
- Journalists use the five Ws (Who, What, Where, When, Why, and How) to write an article.
Persuasive Writing
- The goal of persuasive writing is to change the audience's position or viewpoint.
- To write persuasively, you should:
- Choose a debatable topic
- Focus on a specific point of view
- Develop reasons
- Organize with research
- Avoid name-calling and stereotypes
CER (Claim, Evidence, Reasoning)
- CER is a framework for persuasive writing.
- The components of CER are:
- Claim: a statement that answers a question or takes a position
- Evidence: research, data, or textual evidence that supports the claim
- Reasoning: explains how and why the evidence supports the claim
Review the fundamentals of data visualization, including charts and graphs. Learn how to present information in a clear and concise manner.
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