Data Visualization Basics
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Questions and Answers

What is data visualization primarily used for?

  • To present information that can be heard
  • To present information that can be seen and quickly understood (correct)
  • To present information that can be touched
  • To present information that can be smelled

    • What type of data visualization tool represents information as a series of coordinates plotted on an axis?

  • Chart
  • Pie chart
  • Bar graph
  • Graph (correct)

    • What is the primary purpose of a bar graph?

  • To compare different sets of data (correct)
  • To show a fractional amount of data
  • To show the composition of something
  • To show the exact value of each data point

    • What do the intervals on an axis of a bar graph represent?

    <p>Ranges of values on a scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a pie chart?

    <p>To show the composition of something</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of sectors in a pie chart?

    <p>They are labeled with a percentage or number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the slope of the hills in determining the best location for a settlement?

    <p>To make it difficult to build buildings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is relief in the context of maps?

    <p>The representation of a change in elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of comprehension in analyzing a plot?

    <p>To comprehend the protagonist and plot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indirect characterization?

    <p>When the author shows the reader parts of the character</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of character motivation?

    <p>The reason for a character's actions and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to find the number represented by a percentage in a pie chart?

    <p>Multiply the percentage (in decimal form) by the total</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary motivation of the evil queen in the story?

    <p>To become the fairest in all the land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the setting in a story?

    <p>To establish the time and location of the story</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall message that an author communicates through a story?

    <p>Theme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of tone in literature?

    <p>To show the author's attitude towards the subject matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of informational texts?

    <p>They are nonfiction and factual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of visual aids in informational texts?

    <p>To provide additional information and clarification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a newspaper?

    <p>To release important news or information to the public as quickly and efficiently as possible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three components of a persuasive argument?

    <p>Claim, evidence, and reasoning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of persuasive writing?

    <p>To change the position and viewpoint of the audience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the lead or lede paragraph in a newspaper article?

    <p>To contain the most essential information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of ethos in persuasive writing?

    <p>To highlight the writer's relationship to the audience or their own knowledge/experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a persuasive speech?

    <p>To persuade the audience to side with an idea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of an author when writing an informational text?

    <p>To inform the audience about a topic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the denotation of a word?

    <p>The definition of a word</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of prewriting in the writing process?

    <p>To organize ideas and solve common writing problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a table of contents in an informational text?

    <p>To show the main goals of the writing and how the author will organize these ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an analogy used for in writing?

    <p>To make a comparison to explain a complex idea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of headings and subheadings in an informational text?

    <p>To separate and link the main ideas of the essay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the introduction part of a persuasive speech?

    <p>To give a general overview of the speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the body part of a persuasive speech?

    <p>To provide evidence and examples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of the problem-solution persuasive speech?

    <p>To identify a problem and propose a solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the visualization stage in Monroe's motivated sequence?

    <p>To have the audience picture themselves enjoying the benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step in Monroe's motivated sequence?

    <p>Action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the conclusion part of a persuasive speech?

    <p>To summarize the main points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of persuasive speech is best suited for topics that require a solution to a problem?

    <p>Problem-solution persuasive speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the need stage in Monroe's motivated sequence?

    <p>To present the problem to the audience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the satisfaction stage in Monroe's motivated sequence?

    <p>To explain why the solution is the best</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common way for a speaker to ask the audience to support a proposal in a persuasive speech?

    <p>By signing a petition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you calculate the number represented by a percentage in a pie chart?

    <p>By multiplying the percentage by the total</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of elevation above sea level in determining the best location for a settlement?

    <p>To consider the weather conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of comprehension when analyzing a plot?

    <p>To understand the plot and its elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indirect characterization?

    <p>When the reader infers information about the character through action, speech, and thoughts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of relief on a map?

    <p>To represent a change in elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is character motivation?

    <p>The reason for a character's actions and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of setting in a story?

    <p>To influence the plot and characters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between tone and mood in literature?

    <p>Tone is the author's attitude, while mood is the reader's feeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of visual aids in informational texts?

    <p>To support the author's claims and data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of informational texts?

    <p>They are nonfiction and factual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the table of contents in an informational text?

    <p>To organize the information and provide an overview</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the author's use of descriptive language?

    <p>To set the mood and atmosphere of the story</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a newspaper?

    <p>To release important news or information to the public as quickly and as efficiently as possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of persuasive writing?

    <p>To change the position and viewpoint of the audience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does CER stand for in persuasive writing?

    <p>Claim, Evidence, Reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the lead or lede paragraph in a newspaper article?

    <p>To contain the most essential information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of ethos in persuasive writing?

    <p>To gain support by highlighting the writer's relationship to the audience or their own knowledge/experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a persuasive speech?

    <p>To persuade the audience to side with an idea or think of a situation as the speaker does</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of an author when writing an informational text?

    <p>To inform the audience about a topic or build upon a previously known idea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of prewriting in the writing process?

    <p>To organize ideas before writing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of connotation in writing?

    <p>To create a specific tone or attitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a table of contents in an informational text?

    <p>To show the organization of the text and help readers find specific information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an analogy in writing?

    <p>To compare two ideas or concepts and make them more relatable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of headings and subheadings in an informational text?

    <p>To separate and link main ideas and details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the introduction part of a persuasive speech?

    <p>To give the audience a general overview of the speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of persuasive speech is best suited for topics that require a solution to a problem?

    <p>Problem-solution persuasive speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the body part of a persuasive speech?

    <p>To detail the main points with evidence and examples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the visualization stage in Monroe's motivated sequence?

    <p>To have the audience picture themselves enjoying the benefits of the solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step in Monroe's motivated sequence?

    <p>Action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the conclusion part of a persuasive speech?

    <p>To summarize the main points and call for action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the problem-solution persuasive speech?

    <p>To identify a problem and propose a solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the need stage in Monroe's motivated sequence?

    <p>To identify the problem faced by the audience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the satisfaction stage in Monroe's motivated sequence?

    <p>To propose a solution to the problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common way for a speaker to ask the audience to support a proposal in a persuasive speech?

    <p>By asking the audience to sign a petition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a bar graph and a pie chart?

    <p>A bar graph compares sets of data, while a pie chart represents an entire amount or whole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to note the intervals used in a bar graph?

    <p>Because the intervals affect the estimation of the value of each bar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When would a pie chart be used to represent data?

    <p>When data needs to be represented as a fractional amount or part of the whole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of sectors in a pie chart?

    <p>They are always labeled with a category and a percentage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of labeling axes in a bar graph?

    <p>To provide a scale for the data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Data Visualization

    • Data visualization is a process that presents information in a way that can be quickly and easily understood.
    • A chart is a data visualization tool that represents information in a table format.
    • A graph is a data visualization tool that represents information as a series of coordinates plotted on an axis.

    Bar Graphs and Pie Charts

    • Bar graphs compare sets of data using either horizontal or vertical bars.
    • The length of each bar varies to show the data.
    • Bar graphs are used to show change over a period of time and easily compare different sets of data.
    • Pie charts use a circle to represent an entire amount or whole.
    • Parts of the circle are sectioned off into sectors to show the size or measurement of each category of data.

    Making Inferences

    • Making inferences allows you to figure out information that isn't written in a text or shown in a diagram.
    • Diagrams demonstrate how something works or looks.
    • To make an inference, you take details from the diagram and combine them with what you already know to find hidden information.

    Maps and Site Planning

    • A site is the physical location of a settlement.
    • A situation is the comparison of a site to its surroundings in terms of features.
    • Factors to consider when determining the best location for a settlement include:
      • Elevation above sea level
      • Weather
      • Valleys
      • Ridges
      • Slope
      • Rivers
      • Flood plains
      • Plateaus
      • Headlands
      • Relief (representation of a change in elevation)

    Analyzing a Plot

    • To analyze a plot, use the following steps:
      • Comprehend: identify the protagonist, comprehend the plot
      • Interpret: identify obstacles, climax, and resolution
      • Draw conclusions: identify the theme

    Characterization

    • Characterization is the process of developing characters and creating images of the characters for the reader.
    • There are two types of characterization:
      • Direct characterization: explicit information about the character
      • Indirect characterization: showing the character's personality and traits through actions, thoughts, and speech

    Character Motivation

    • Character motivation is the reason for a character's actions and behaviors in a story.
    • Examples of character motivation include:
      • The evil queen's motivation to become the fairest in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
      • Ralph's motivation to stay alive and be rescued in Lord of the Flies

    Setting in Literature

    • The setting in literature is the place, time, and social situation in which a story takes place.
    • The setting influences the plot, characters, mood, and theme of a story.
    • The setting shapes the characters' backgrounds and behaviors.

    The Five Elements of a Story

    • The five elements of a story are:
      • Setting
      • Character
      • Plot
      • Conflict
      • Theme
    • Authors use these elements to craft stories that communicate meaning to readers.

    Tone and Mood

    • Tone is the author's attitude toward the subject matter.
    • Mood is the emotional atmosphere of a story.
    • Tone and mood can be set through word choice, sentence structure, and figurative language.

    Informational Texts

    • Informational texts are nonfiction, factual writings that inform an audience about a topic.
    • Features of informational texts include:
      • Table of contents
      • Index
      • Appendix
      • Preface
      • Visual aids (graphs, diagrams, illustrations)
      • Organizational structures (comparison and contrast, cause and effect, etc.)

    Word Choice and Connotation

    • Denotation is the definition of a word.
    • Connotation is the extra feeling or emotion that a word carries.
    • Writers use connotation to add tone and meaning to their writing.

    Prewriting

    • Prewriting is the first step in the writing process.
    • Prewriting involves:
      • Brainstorming ideas
      • Making notes
      • Identifying the style of writing required
      • Organizing ideas through mind mapping

    Writing an Article

    • The components of an article are:
      • Headline
      • Byline
      • Lead/Lede paragraph
      • Explanation
      • Additional information
    • Journalists use the five Ws (Who, What, Where, When, Why, and How) to write an article.

    Persuasive Writing

    • The goal of persuasive writing is to change the audience's position or viewpoint.
    • To write persuasively, you should:
      • Choose a debatable topic
      • Focus on a specific point of view
      • Develop reasons
      • Organize with research
      • Avoid name-calling and stereotypes

    CER (Claim, Evidence, Reasoning)

    • CER is a framework for persuasive writing.
    • The components of CER are:
      • Claim: a statement that answers a question or takes a position
      • Evidence: research, data, or textual evidence that supports the claim
      • Reasoning: explains how and why the evidence supports the claim

    Data Visualization

    • Data visualization is a process that presents information in a way that can be quickly and easily understood.
    • A chart is a data visualization tool that represents information in a table format.
    • A graph is a data visualization tool that represents information as a series of coordinates plotted on an axis.

    Bar Graphs and Pie Charts

    • Bar graphs compare sets of data using either horizontal or vertical bars.
    • The length of each bar varies to show the data.
    • Bar graphs are used to show change over a period of time and easily compare different sets of data.
    • Pie charts use a circle to represent an entire amount or whole.
    • Parts of the circle are sectioned off into sectors to show the size or measurement of each category of data.

    Making Inferences

    • Making inferences allows you to figure out information that isn't written in a text or shown in a diagram.
    • Diagrams demonstrate how something works or looks.
    • To make an inference, you take details from the diagram and combine them with what you already know to find hidden information.

    Maps and Site Planning

    • A site is the physical location of a settlement.
    • A situation is the comparison of a site to its surroundings in terms of features.
    • Factors to consider when determining the best location for a settlement include:
      • Elevation above sea level
      • Weather
      • Valleys
      • Ridges
      • Slope
      • Rivers
      • Flood plains
      • Plateaus
      • Headlands
      • Relief (representation of a change in elevation)

    Analyzing a Plot

    • To analyze a plot, use the following steps:
      • Comprehend: identify the protagonist, comprehend the plot
      • Interpret: identify obstacles, climax, and resolution
      • Draw conclusions: identify the theme

    Characterization

    • Characterization is the process of developing characters and creating images of the characters for the reader.
    • There are two types of characterization:
      • Direct characterization: explicit information about the character
      • Indirect characterization: showing the character's personality and traits through actions, thoughts, and speech

    Character Motivation

    • Character motivation is the reason for a character's actions and behaviors in a story.
    • Examples of character motivation include:
      • The evil queen's motivation to become the fairest in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
      • Ralph's motivation to stay alive and be rescued in Lord of the Flies

    Setting in Literature

    • The setting in literature is the place, time, and social situation in which a story takes place.
    • The setting influences the plot, characters, mood, and theme of a story.
    • The setting shapes the characters' backgrounds and behaviors.

    The Five Elements of a Story

    • The five elements of a story are:
      • Setting
      • Character
      • Plot
      • Conflict
      • Theme
    • Authors use these elements to craft stories that communicate meaning to readers.

    Tone and Mood

    • Tone is the author's attitude toward the subject matter.
    • Mood is the emotional atmosphere of a story.
    • Tone and mood can be set through word choice, sentence structure, and figurative language.

    Informational Texts

    • Informational texts are nonfiction, factual writings that inform an audience about a topic.
    • Features of informational texts include:
      • Table of contents
      • Index
      • Appendix
      • Preface
      • Visual aids (graphs, diagrams, illustrations)
      • Organizational structures (comparison and contrast, cause and effect, etc.)

    Word Choice and Connotation

    • Denotation is the definition of a word.
    • Connotation is the extra feeling or emotion that a word carries.
    • Writers use connotation to add tone and meaning to their writing.

    Prewriting

    • Prewriting is the first step in the writing process.
    • Prewriting involves:
      • Brainstorming ideas
      • Making notes
      • Identifying the style of writing required
      • Organizing ideas through mind mapping

    Writing an Article

    • The components of an article are:
      • Headline
      • Byline
      • Lead/Lede paragraph
      • Explanation
      • Additional information
    • Journalists use the five Ws (Who, What, Where, When, Why, and How) to write an article.

    Persuasive Writing

    • The goal of persuasive writing is to change the audience's position or viewpoint.
    • To write persuasively, you should:
      • Choose a debatable topic
      • Focus on a specific point of view
      • Develop reasons
      • Organize with research
      • Avoid name-calling and stereotypes

    CER (Claim, Evidence, Reasoning)

    • CER is a framework for persuasive writing.
    • The components of CER are:
      • Claim: a statement that answers a question or takes a position
      • Evidence: research, data, or textual evidence that supports the claim
      • Reasoning: explains how and why the evidence supports the claim

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    Review the fundamentals of data visualization, including charts and graphs. Learn how to present information in a clear and concise manner.

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