Data Types and Structures Quiz

Data is raw facts or information that we process or store.

A classification of data that specifies what kind of data a variable can hold and what operations can be performed on it.

An organized way to store and manage data so that it can be accessed and modified efficiently.

A conceptual model that defines the behavior and operations of a data structure without specifying how it's implemented.

The raw information that is stored or processed.

To classify and define how data is stored and what operations are allowed on it.

To provide efficient ways to store and manage data.

To define rules and behavior for managing data.

A data structure where elements of the same type are stored in consecutive memory locations. Each element is identified by an index.

A data structure made up of nodes, each containing data and a pointer to the next node. Nodes don't have to be stored in contiguous memory.

Accessing elements in an array is fast because you can directly jump to the element using its index.

Accessing elements in a linked list requires traversing from the beginning, following the pointers to reach the desired element.

Adding or removing elements in an array can be costly as it requires shifting existing elements to accommodate the change.

Adding or removing elements in a linked list is efficient as it only involves modifying pointers.

Arrays have a fixed size, and resizing requires copying elements to a new location.

Linked Lists are dynamic and can grow or shrink as needed, without requiring the overhead of resizing.

A stack is a data structure that follows the LIFO (Last-In, First-Out) principle. This means the last item added is the first one removed.

LIFO stands for Last-In, First-Out. It describes how elements are added and removed from a stack: the last element added is the first one removed.

The 'push' operation adds a new item to the top of the stack.

The 'pop' operation removes the top item from the stack.

'Peek' returns the top item of the stack without removing it.

'isEmpty' checks if a stack is empty. It usually returns True if the stack is empty, False otherwise.

'isFull' checks if a stack has reached its maximum capacity (only relevant in fixed-size stacks).

You add an element to the top of the stack using the 'push' operation. If the stack is full, it's an overflow error.

You remove the top element from the stack using the 'pop' operation. If the stack is empty, an error occurs.

You can use the 'is_empty' operation to determine if the stack contains any elements.

A stack is typically implemented using an array or linked list. The top of the stack is where new elements are added (pushed) and removed (popped).

The 'top' of a stack refers to the index of the last element added (the most recently added element).

The 'is_full' function checks if the stack is full. In an array-based implementation, it checks if space is available to add new elements.

The 'resize_stack' function dynamically increases the size of the stack when it becomes full. This prevents overflow errors.

The IPO model explains the workflow of a stack's 'pop' operation: Input - the stack and its top index; Process - the algorithm to remove the top element; Output - the popped element (or an error if empty).

A linear data structure that follows the Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) principle. Think of a stack of plates—you can only access and remove the topmost plate.

A stack implemented using an array, where items are added and removed from the 'top' of the array. Limited by the fixed size of the array.

A stack built with linked lists, where items are nodes linked together. No fixed size limit, more flexible for growth.

A stack operation that allows you to view the top item on the stack without removing it. Useful for inspecting the next item without changing the stack's state.

A stack operation that removes and returns the top item from the stack. Decreases stack size.

A stack operation that adds an item to the top of the stack, increasing its size. The newly added item becomes the top element.

A method used to check if the stack is empty. In Python, an empty stack is usually represented by a 'top' value of -1 or None.

The top element of a stack, the most recently added item. It's the one that is accessed or removed first.

A condition that arises when trying to pop an element from an empty stack. It's an error similar to trying to remove a plate from an empty stack.

A condition that occurs when trying to push an element into a full stack. It's like trying to add another plate to a stack that's already full.