ACK NAK Data Transmission Protocols Quiz and Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does the receiver do if it is ready to receive data?

ACK frame

If the receiver is not ready to receive data, what frame does it send?

NAK frame

What happens if neither an ACK nor a NAK is received within a specified time limit?

Initiator retransmits data

How does the sending system indicate the end of transmission?

EOT frame Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary device responsible for in the poll/select method of line discipline?

Initiator of a session Signup and view all the answers

In the select mode, what frame is created and transmitted by the primary device before sending data?

SEL frame Signup and view all the answers

What is switching?

Exchange of information from one network to another or one network segment to another. Signup and view all the answers

What is circuit switching?

Creates direct physical connection between two devices. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three phases of circuit switching?

Set up phase, Data transfer phase, Teardown phase. Signup and view all the answers

How do switches differ from hubs?

Switches can read MAC addresses and forward data to the network segment with the destined receiver. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of switches in a network?

To create temporary connections between devices. Signup and view all the answers

In circuit switching, when does the dedicated path between two devices get established?

Before starting the communication. Signup and view all the answers

What approach does message switching use?

Store and forward approach Signup and view all the answers

How are messages stored and relayed in message switching compared to packet switching?

Messages are stored and relayed from secondary storage (disk) in message switching, while packets are stored and forwarded from primary storage (RAM) in packet switching. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of introducing ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)?

To digitize the telephone network and standardize subscriber services. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of services provided by ISDN?

Bearer services and Teleservices Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between Bearer services and Teleservices in ISDN?

Bearer services allow users to send information without processing or changing it, while Teleservices are value-added services where information may be processed and changed. Signup and view all the answers

Which layers of the OSI model are involved in Bearer services and Teleservices?

Bearer services belong to the first 3 layers (physical, data link, network), while Teleservices belong to layers 4-7 (transport, session, presentation, application). Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of digital subscriber loops?

Basic Rate Interface (BRI) and Primary Rate Interface (PRI) Signup and view all the answers

What does NT1 control in an ISDN setup?

The physical and electrical termination of the ISDN at the user's premises Signup and view all the answers

What functions does NT2 perform in the OSI model?

Functions at the physical, data link, and network layers (layers 1, 2, and 3) Signup and view all the answers

What is Terminal Equipment 1 (TE1) in ISDN?

Any device that supports the ISDN standards Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of functional grouping in ISDN?

To define the function of each type of equipment used in the ISDN Signup and view all the answers

What does a digital pipe consist of in a Basic Rate Interface (BRI)?

Two B channels and one 16 Kbps D channel Signup and view all the answers

In selective-reject ARQ, what happens when a frame is corrupted during transmission?

A NAK (Negative Acknowledgement) is sent back to the sender, and only the specific damaged or lost frame is retransmitted out of sequence. Signup and view all the answers

What capabilities must the receiving device have in selective-reject ARQ?

The receiving device must be able to sort the frames it receives and insert the retransmitted frame into its proper place in the sequence. It must also be able to store frames received after a NAK has been sent until the damaged frame has been replaced. Signup and view all the answers

What capability must the sending device have in selective-reject ARQ?

The sending device must contain a searching mechanism that allows it to find and select only the requested frame for retransmission. Signup and view all the answers

How does a NAK differ from an ACK in selective-reject ARQ?

A NAK acknowledges the intact receipt of any previously unacknowledged data frames and indicates an error in the current frame, unlike an ACK which simply acknowledges successful receipt. Signup and view all the answers

What happens at the receiver after sending a NAK in selective-reject ARQ?

The receiver continues to accept new frames while waiting for the error frame to be corrected and retransmitted. Signup and view all the answers

What must the receiver do with frames received after sending a NAK?

Frames received after the error frame cannot be acknowledged until the damaged frames have been retransmitted. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Data Transmission

The receiver responds with an ACK (acknowledgement) frame if ready to receive data, or NAK (negative acknowledgement) frame if not.
If no response, the initiator retransmits data.
After transmitting all data, the sender finishes with an EOT (end of transmission) frame.

Poll/Select Method

Primary device initiates a session, polling secondaries to send data.
Primary sends a SEL (select) frame to target secondary, which responds with an ACK frame.
Primary then sends one or more data frames to the secondary.

Switching

Switches create temporary connections between devices, reading MAC addresses and forwarding data to the intended receiver.
Three methods of switching: circuit switching, packet switching, and message switching.

Circuit Switching

Establishes a dedicated physical connection between two devices.
Three phases: setup, data transfer, and teardown.
Resources (channels, buffers, processing time, I/O ports) are reserved during the setup phase.

Message Switching

Uses a store-and-forward approach, storing messages in a node until the route is free.
No direct link between sender and receiver.

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

Introduced to digitize the telephone network and standardize subscriber services.
Provides bearer services (sending information without processing) and teleservices (value-added services with processing).
Bearer services belong to the first three OSI layers, while teleservices belong to layers 4-7.

ISDN Interfaces

Basic Rate Interface (BRI): 2 B channels and 1 D channel (16 Kbps) for residential/small-office use.
Primary Rate Interface (PRI): 23 B channels and 1 D channel (64 Kbps) for larger businesses.

ISDN Functional Grouping

Network Termination 1 (NT1): controls physical and electrical termination at the user's premises.
Network Termination 2 (NT2): performs functions at physical, data link, and network layers.
Terminal Equipment 1 (TE1): digital subscriber equipment that supports ISDN standards.

Selective-Reject ARQ

Only damaged or lost frames are retransmitted.
Receiving device sorts and inserts retransmitted frames into the correct sequence.
Sending device finds and selects the requested frame for retransmission.

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Description

This quiz covers the data transmission protocols where the receiver must respond with an acknowledgement (ACK) or a negative acknowledgement (NAK) frame. If no response is received within a time limit, retransmission occurs. The transmission ends with an end of transmission (EOT) frame.

Data Transmission Protocols: ACK, NAK, EOT

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