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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the two wires in a USB cable designated for power?
What is the primary function of the two wires in a USB cable designated for power?
What does USB protocol do when it detects errors in data transmission?
What does USB protocol do when it detects errors in data transmission?
What is the maximum cable length supported by Standard USB without requiring a hub?
What is the maximum cable length supported by Standard USB without requiring a hub?
Which of the following statements about USB connectors is true?
Which of the following statements about USB connectors is true?
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What happens when a new device is connected to a computer via USB?
What happens when a new device is connected to a computer via USB?
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Which of the following is a known benefit of using USB technology?
Which of the following is a known benefit of using USB technology?
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What is a drawback of newer USB standards regarding compatibility?
What is a drawback of newer USB standards regarding compatibility?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of USB data transmission rates?
Which of the following is a characteristic of USB data transmission rates?
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Which type of data transmission allows for data to be sent in both directions simultaneously?
Which type of data transmission allows for data to be sent in both directions simultaneously?
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What is a primary disadvantage of serial data transmission compared to parallel data transmission?
What is a primary disadvantage of serial data transmission compared to parallel data transmission?
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Which of the following best describes Half Duplex transmission?
Which of the following best describes Half Duplex transmission?
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When is parallel transmission typically preferred?
When is parallel transmission typically preferred?
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What synchronization method is used to coordinate the bits in parallel transmission?
What synchronization method is used to coordinate the bits in parallel transmission?
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Which transmission method would be most appropriate for sending data from a sensor to a computer?
Which transmission method would be most appropriate for sending data from a sensor to a computer?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of serial data transmission?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of serial data transmission?
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Which type of transmission is likely to face synchronization issues over longer distances?
Which type of transmission is likely to face synchronization issues over longer distances?
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What defines a Local Area Network (LAN)?
What defines a Local Area Network (LAN)?
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In circuit switching, what is the first step in the process?
In circuit switching, what is the first step in the process?
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What occurs during the packet transfer process in packet switching?
What occurs during the packet transfer process in packet switching?
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Which of the following is a benefit of packet switching?
Which of the following is a benefit of packet switching?
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What is a potential drawback of using packet switching?
What is a potential drawback of using packet switching?
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Which part of a data packet is used for error checking?
Which part of a data packet is used for error checking?
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What is the primary function of routers in packet switching?
What is the primary function of routers in packet switching?
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What is the main goal of breaking data into packets?
What is the main goal of breaking data into packets?
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Study Notes
Data Transmission (IGCSE Computer Science)
- Data transmission involves moving data from one location (e.g., computer) to another.
- Networks connect two or more computers to share resources, exchange files, and enable communication.
- Network connections use various methods, including cables, phone lines, radio waves, satellites, and infrared light beams.
Network Types
- Local Area Network (LAN): Connects computers within a limited geographical area like a home or office.
- Wide Area Network (WAN): Connects computers over a large geographical area, potentially spanning countries or continents.
Network Connection
- Direct connection is suitable for small LAN with few computers.
- This method is impractical for large WAN systems where millions of computers connect randomly and need to exchange data.
Circuit Switching
- A dedicated communication path is established for the duration of data transmission.
- Steps involved: connection establishment, data transfer, and disconnection.
- This method is inefficient for random communication needs.
Packet Switching
- Data is broken into smaller units called packets.
- Each packet takes its own route to the destination.
- Routers determine the shortest possible path for each packet in the network.
- Packets may arrive at the destination in a different order than sent.
Packet Format
- Packets consist of a header, payload, and trailer.
- Header includes source and destination addresses, sequence number, packet size.
- Payload contains the actual data being transmitted.
- Trailer includes error-checking information.
Packet Switching Benefits
- Overcomes failed/busy lines and re-routes packets.
- Scalable for large networks.
- Efficient data transmission over long distances.
Packet Switching Drawbacks
- Packets can be lost and need retransmission.
- Susceptible to errors, especially in real-time scenarios.
- Can introduce delays due to packet reordering.
Transmission Factors
- Direction: Simplex (one way), half-duplex (both ways, but not simultaneously), and full-duplex (both ways simultaneously).
- Method: Serial (bits sent one by one) and parallel (bits sent simultaneously). Serial is suitable for longer distances; parallel is faster but requires more wires.
- Synchronization: Asynchronous (no timing mechanism between devices) and Synchronous (devices share a common timing mechanism).
Transmission Modes
- Simplex: Data transmission in one direction only (e.g., sending data from the keyboard to the CPU).
- Half-duplex: Data transmission in both directions, but not simultaneously (e.g., walkie-talkies).
- Full-duplex: Data transmission in both directions simultaneously (e.g., internet cables).
UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS (USB)
- A serial data transmission method.
- Supports both half-duplex and full-duplex transmission.
- Uses a four-wire shielded cable.
- Two wires for power/earth, two for data transmission.
- USB devices are automatically detected and configured (driver loaded).
- New devices require drivers for effective communication. May require manual download if the driver's not available.
USB Benefits and Drawbacks
- Benefits: Automatic device detection, simple connection, wide availability.
- Drawbacks: Limited data transfer speed compared to other methods, particularly newer Ethernet lines. Length limitations; extension hubs are necessary. Early USB versions might only be supported by older devices.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of data transmission and network types as outlined in IGCSE Computer Science. Explore key concepts such as Local Area Networks (LAN) and Wide Area Networks (WAN), and understand the methods of connecting computers for effective communication. Test your knowledge on circuit switching and the various technologies used for data transmission.
