Data Structures Unit 2: Stack & Queue
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Data Structures Unit 2: Stack & Queue

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Questions and Answers

What best describes a stack in terms of its data handling method?

  • Elements are managed in a first-in-first-out manner.
  • Elements can be added and removed from both ends.
  • Elements are accessed directly based on their index.
  • Elements can only be added and removed from one end, the top. (correct)

    • What happens when the TOP variable equals MAX-1 in a stack?

  • The stack can accommodate additional elements.
  • The stack is full and no further insertions can be made. (correct)
  • The stack needs to perform a pop operation.
  • The stack is empty and ready for new elements.

    • Which of the following operations does not belong to the basic operations of a stack?

  • Peek
  • Append (correct)
  • Push
  • Pop

    • In the array representation of a stack, what does a NULL value for TOP signify?

    <p>The stack is empty and no elements are present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When an attempt is made to insert an element into a full stack, what is the expected outcome?

    <p>An OVERFLOW message is printed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operation retrieves the topmost element without altering the stack?

    <p>Peek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What data structure is NOT commonly used for implementing a stack?

    <p>Tree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about stacks is true?

    <p>The last element added is the first one to be removed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition must be checked before performing a deletion operation on a stack?

    <p>Is TOP=NULL?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What message is displayed when an attempt is made to delete from an empty stack?

    <p>UNDERFLOW</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the PEEK operation do in the context of a stack?

    <p>Returns the value of the element at a specified index.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before performing an update on a stack's element, what must be confirmed?

    <p>The stack is not empty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes recursion in programming?

    <p>A process must have a termination condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a situation where recursion is used?

    <p>Calculating factorial numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a stack represented by a vector S and a pointer TOP, what does the I-th element from the top refer to?

    <p>Element at index TOP-I in vector S.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which recursive problem is NOT traditionally associated with recursion?

    <p>Bubble sort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Stack Overview

    • Stack is a linear data structure with a Last In First Out (LIFO) principle, where the last element added is the first to be removed.
    • Analogous to a pile of plates, elements can be added or removed only from the top position.

    Implementation

    • Can be implemented using an array or a linked list.
    • Key variables:
      • TOP: Stores the address of the top element.
      • MAX: Indicates the maximum capacity of the stack.
      • If TOP=NULL, the stack is empty; if TOP=MAX-1, the stack is full.

    Operations on Stack

    • Four basic operations exist:
      • Push: Adds an element to the top.
      • Pop: Removes the top element.
      • Peek: Retrieves the value of the top element without removing it.
      • Update: Changes the value of an element at a specific index.

    Push Operation

    • Adds a new element at the topmost position after checking if the stack is full (TOP=MAX-1).
    • If full, an "OVERFLOW" message is generated.

    Pop Operation

    • Deletes the top element, ensuring the stack is not empty (TOP=NULL) before the operation.
    • If empty, an "UNDERFLOW" message is displayed.

    Peek Operation

    • Returns the value of the element at a specified index from the top without deletion.

    Update Operation

    • Changes the value of an element at a specified index, first checking if the stack is not empty.

    Applications of Stack

    • Used in recursion where a function calls itself until a stopping condition is met.
    • Supports balancing symbols in expressions.
    • Utilized in Polish notations for expression evaluation.

    Recursion

    • A process where a function repeatedly calls itself until a defined condition is fulfilled, preventing infinite loops.
    • Common examples include calculating factorials and generating Fibonacci sequences.

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    Quiz Team

    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of stack and queue in this quiz. Understand how these data structures operate, with practical examples like the analogy of a pile of plates for the stack. Test your knowledge on operations and characteristics associated with these essential structures in computer science.

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