Data Structures Introduction

Data Structures

Introduction

• A data structure is a way to organize and store data in a computer so that it can be efficiently accessed, modified, and manipulated.
• Data structures provide a way to manage large amounts of data efficiently in terms of time and space complexity.

Types of Data Structures

• Arrays: A collection of elements of the same data type stored in contiguous memory locations.
  • Operations: indexing, slicing, concatenation
• Linked Lists: A dynamic collection of elements, where each element points to the next element.
  • Operations: insertion, deletion, traversal
• Stacks: A Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) data structure, where elements are added and removed from the top.
  • Operations: push, pop, peek
• Queues: A First-In-First-Out (FIFO) data structure, where elements are added to the end and removed from the front.
  • Operations: enqueue, dequeue, peek
• Trees: A hierarchical data structure, where each node has a value and zero or more child nodes.
  • Operations: insertion, deletion, traversal
• Graphs: A non-linear data structure, where nodes are connected by edges.
  • Operations: traversal, shortest path, minimum spanning tree
• Hash Tables: A data structure that maps keys to values using a hash function.
  • Operations: insertion, deletion, search

Operations on Data Structures

• Searching: Finding a specific element in a data structure.
• Sorting: Arranging elements in a specific order.
• Insertion: Adding a new element to a data structure.
• Deletion: Removing an element from a data structure.
• Traversal: Iterating over the elements of a data structure.

Time and Space Complexity

• Time Complexity: The amount of time an algorithm takes to complete, usually measured in Big O notation.
• Space Complexity: The amount of memory an algorithm uses, usually measured in Big O notation.

Applications of Data Structures

• Database Systems: Data structures are used to store and retrieve data efficiently.
• Compilers: Data structures are used to parse and analyze source code.
• Web Search Engines: Data structures are used to index and retrieve web pages efficiently.
• Social Networks: Data structures are used to store and analyze relationships between users.

Data Structures

• A data structure is a way to organize and store data in a computer to efficiently access, modify, and manipulate it.
• Data structures provide a way to manage large amounts of data efficiently in terms of time and space complexity.

Types of Data Structures

• Arrays: A collection of elements of the same data type stored in contiguous memory locations, with operations including indexing, slicing, and concatenation.
• Linked Lists: A dynamic collection of elements, where each element points to the next element, with operations including insertion, deletion, and traversal.
• Stacks: A Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) data structure, where elements are added and removed from the top, with operations including push, pop, and peek.
• Queues: A First-In-First-Out (FIFO) data structure, where elements are added to the end and removed from the front, with operations including enqueue, dequeue, and peek.
• Trees: A hierarchical data structure, where each node has a value and zero or more child nodes, with operations including insertion, deletion, and traversal.
• Graphs: A non-linear data structure, where nodes are connected by edges, with operations including traversal, shortest path, and minimum spanning tree.
• Hash Tables: A data structure that maps keys to values using a hash function, with operations including insertion, deletion, and search.

Operations on Data Structures

• Searching: Finding a specific element in a data structure.
• Sorting: Arranging elements in a specific order.
• Insertion: Adding a new element to a data structure.
• Deletion: Removing an element from a data structure.
• Traversal: Iterating over the elements of a data structure.

Time and Space Complexity

• Time Complexity: The amount of time an algorithm takes to complete, usually measured in Big O notation.
• Space Complexity: The amount of memory an algorithm uses, usually measured in Big O notation.

Applications of Data Structures

• Database Systems: Data structures are used to store and retrieve data efficiently.
• Compilers: Data structures are used to parse and analyze source code.
• Web Search Engines: Data structures are used to index and retrieve web pages efficiently.
• Social Networks: Data structures are used to store and analyze relationships between users.