Data Structures and Arrays Quiz

Data Types/Structures

• Data types include Integer, Float, String, Char, and Boolean
• Integer, Float, and String can store multiple data structures
• An array is a special variable, holding multiple values of the same data type

Arrays

• An array stores multiple data values of the same type in a contiguous block of memory
• Accessing elements is fast, using index numbers
• Arrays have a fixed size determined at creation
• Array size limitations can cause program crashes if the array is too large

One-Dimensional Arrays (1D)

• Elements are stored linearly
• Example: DECLARE Marks: ARRAY [1: 5] OF INTEGER

Two-Dimensional Arrays (2D)

• An array of arrays, organized as matrices (rows and columns)
• Example: DECLARE Marks: ARRAY[1:2,1:4] OF INTEGER

Image Representation

• Black and white images use 1 bit per pixel (0 or 1)
• More bits per pixel indicate more colours available
• Colour depth determines the number of bits used to represent a pixel's colour.
• Colour depth can range from 1 bit to 24 bits, affecting colour capabilities
• Bitmap images are made of pixels in a grid pattern.
• Image resolution refers to the number of pixels in an image.
• Screen resolution refers to the number of pixels on a display.

Image/Graphic Structures

• Vector graphics use mathematical formulas to describe images, providing scalability
• Bitmap graphics are made up of pixels and lossy or lossless compression methods

Sound Data

• Sound waves are continuous, analog signals that need conversion to digital form (ADC)
• Sound is sampled at regular intervals, converting it to digital values (sampling rate)
• The number of bits per sample is the resolution or bit depth (e.g., 8-bit, 16-bit)
• Sound sampling rate determines the number of samples taken per second (Hz).

Data File/Packets

• Data files are broken down into packets for transfer over networks.
• Network protocols involve packet switching, which enables efficient use of network resources

Packet Switching

-Packets are small segments of large messages.
-They are independently transmitted.
-Routers determine the best paths.
-Packets arrive and reassembled in order at the destination.
-Packet switching increases efficiency and reliability.

Data Packets

• A packet contains: -Header: size, sequence, sender/receiver IP addresses -Payload: actual data -Trailer: error-checking information (CRC)
• Error checking ensures data integrity during transmission

Metadata

• Metadata describes data (e.g., file name, size, format), affecting file size
• Added metadata provides extra information and details

Compression

• Lossy compression permanently removes some data, reducing file size but slightly degrading quality
• Lossless compression retains all data, reducing file size without quality loss

Number Systems

• Binary (base 2), decimal (base 10), hexadecimal (base 16) are used in computers
• Each system uses different digits or characters for numbers

Test your knowledge on data types and structures, including arrays and their usage. This quiz covers one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays, along with image representation concepts. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand these fundamental programming concepts.