Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a key area of focus when applying machine learning in rehabilitation?
Which of the following is a key area of focus when applying machine learning in rehabilitation?
- Developing new types of pharmaceutical interventions.
- Enhancing assistive devices and personalized therapy. (correct)
- Creating entertainment systems for patients.
- Improving hospital administration processes.
What is the primary goal when interfacing residual movements with assistive devices?
What is the primary goal when interfacing residual movements with assistive devices?
- To provide a static support structure for the affected limb.
- To eliminate the need for any movement from the patient.
- To amplify and translate subtle movements into intended actions. (correct)
- To diagnose the underlying cause of the movement disorder.
Which data source is commonly used in assisted grasping to capture muscle activity?
Which data source is commonly used in assisted grasping to capture muscle activity?
- Electromyography (EMG). (correct)
- Thermography.
- Electrocardiography (ECG).
- Electroencephalography (EEG).
In the context of assisted grasping, what role does the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) primarily serve?
In the context of assisted grasping, what role does the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) primarily serve?
What is the purpose of feature extraction in movement classification for assistive devices?
What is the purpose of feature extraction in movement classification for assistive devices?
Why is dimensionality reduction an important step in the movement classification process?
Why is dimensionality reduction an important step in the movement classification process?
When using PCA with k-nearest neighbor for assisted grasping, what is PCA's primary role?
When using PCA with k-nearest neighbor for assisted grasping, what is PCA's primary role?
What is the primary purpose of initial calibration in the context of machine learning for assistive devices?
What is the primary purpose of initial calibration in the context of machine learning for assistive devices?
What is 'concept drift' in the context of machine learning for rehabilitation?
What is 'concept drift' in the context of machine learning for rehabilitation?
What is the purpose of a 'Do-nothing' class in grasp assistance systems?
What is the purpose of a 'Do-nothing' class in grasp assistance systems?
In the context of machine learning, which of the following best defines 'Linear Discriminant Analysis' (LDA)?
In the context of machine learning, which of the following best defines 'Linear Discriminant Analysis' (LDA)?
What is the major difference between PCA and LDA?
What is the major difference between PCA and LDA?
In the context of machine learning for rehabilitation, what is functional electrical stimulation (FES)?
In the context of machine learning for rehabilitation, what is functional electrical stimulation (FES)?
In the context of classifying movements for assistive devices, what is the role of movement detection?
In the context of classifying movements for assistive devices, what is the role of movement detection?
What is the primary reason Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) patients are not getting access to NHS specialist spinal cord injury centres?
What is the primary reason Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) patients are not getting access to NHS specialist spinal cord injury centres?
What real-world movement is used in the lecture for machine learning application?
What real-world movement is used in the lecture for machine learning application?
What is the next step after Feature extraction for Movement Classification?
What is the next step after Feature extraction for Movement Classification?
Which of the following is a common method used for dimensionality reduction?
Which of the following is a common method used for dimensionality reduction?
Which movie is referenced as an example of where machine learning is utilized for rehabilitation?
Which movie is referenced as an example of where machine learning is utilized for rehabilitation?
In modelling the rowing action, what states does the example domain model use?
In modelling the rowing action, what states does the example domain model use?
What type of device would you use in order to measure the movements of a patients limbs?
What type of device would you use in order to measure the movements of a patients limbs?
Looking at the graph depicting unsupervised, supervised and adaptive learning, which learning method has the best performance?
Looking at the graph depicting unsupervised, supervised and adaptive learning, which learning method has the best performance?
( S_{a,b} = \frac{d_{a,b}}{\sigma_a + \sigma_b} ) What does ( d_{a,b} ) represent in this equation?
( S_{a,b} = \frac{d_{a,b}}{\sigma_a + \sigma_b} ) What does ( d_{a,b} ) represent in this equation?
When transitioning between states in assisted grasping, what must we be aware of?
When transitioning between states in assisted grasping, what must we be aware of?
Why would we want or need more movements in grasping assistance?
Why would we want or need more movements in grasping assistance?
Regarding assistive devices, what is enhanced through AI?
Regarding assistive devices, what is enhanced through AI?
Which of the following statements best describes concept drift?
Which of the following statements best describes concept drift?
What is the role of rehabilitation robotics in motor recovery?
What is the role of rehabilitation robotics in motor recovery?
Which is the first step when trying to determine Movement knowledge?
Which is the first step when trying to determine Movement knowledge?
In the context of spinal cord injuries, tetraplegia affects which part of the human body?
In the context of spinal cord injuries, tetraplegia affects which part of the human body?
When detecting movement in a patient's limbs, what data are Accelerometers used to capture?
When detecting movement in a patient's limbs, what data are Accelerometers used to capture?
When transitioning between Open, Rest, and Grasp states in assisted grasping, what happens if there is a movement that is not intended to be either one of the trained ones?
When transitioning between Open, Rest, and Grasp states in assisted grasping, what happens if there is a movement that is not intended to be either one of the trained ones?
What is the state transition from Extension to Flexion during the single domain model of the movement of rowing?
What is the state transition from Extension to Flexion during the single domain model of the movement of rowing?
What is the state transition from OFF to Extension during the multiple domain model of the movement of rowing?
What is the state transition from OFF to Extension during the multiple domain model of the movement of rowing?
According to the activity, what is needed when we want/need more movements for grasping assistance?
According to the activity, what is needed when we want/need more movements for grasping assistance?
In the context of rowing and rehabilitation, what does labeling data entail?
In the context of rowing and rehabilitation, what does labeling data entail?
In rehabilitation, what does it mean to take into consideration the "domain knowledge"?
In rehabilitation, what does it mean to take into consideration the "domain knowledge"?
In which area of application does the following fall: 'AI-powered robots provide precise assist-as-needed movement guidance and interactive therapy for motor recovery'?
In which area of application does the following fall: 'AI-powered robots provide precise assist-as-needed movement guidance and interactive therapy for motor recovery'?
What is the percentage of spinal cord injury cases in the UK?
What is the percentage of spinal cord injury cases in the UK?
In what year was the movie 'Elysium' released?
In what year was the movie 'Elysium' released?
Flashcards
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
Injury to the spinal cord resulting in loss of function such as mobility or feeling.
Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation
Therapeutic approach to aid recovery from injury or illness to restore function.
Assisted Grasping
Assisted Grasping
Use of devices or techniques to help individuals perform tasks they cannot do independently.
Residual Movements
Residual Movements
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Electromyography (EMG)
Electromyography (EMG)
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Movement Classification
Movement Classification
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Movement Detection
Movement Detection
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Feature Extraction
Feature Extraction
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Dimension Reduction
Dimension Reduction
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Classification
Classification
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Accelerometer/ Gyroscope
Accelerometer/ Gyroscope
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Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
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Rowing
Rowing
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Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA)
Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA)
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Finite State Machine
Finite State Machine
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Domain Knowledge
Domain Knowledge
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Study Notes
Data Science with Machine Learning: Applications in Rehabilitation
- Lecture focuses on the application of data science and machine learning in rehabilitation, particularly for spinal cord injuries and assistive devices
Agenda
- Spinal Cord Injury and its impact on individuals
- Rehabilitation strategies and assistive devices
- Assisted Grasping technologies and techniques
- Rowing and the use of machine learning for analysis and assistance
Spinal Cord Injury
- Spinal cord injury can result in various forms of paralysis:
- Higid indicates no paralysis
- Paraplegia affects the lower body
- Tetraplegia affects both upper and lower body
- In the UK 4,400 new cases occur every year
- A total of 105,000 cases exist
- Around 80% of people with spinal cord injuries lack access to NHS specialist spinal cord injury centres
- Someone gets paralyzed by SCI every 2 hours
Rehabilitation
- Rehabilitation involves therapies and assistive devices:
- Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)
- Bioness devices for upper and lower extremities
- A primary objective is to translate residual movements into intended movements through an interface and assistive devices
Methods for Capturing Movement
- Electromyography (EMG) is used to measure electrical activity of muscles
- Brain data analysis
- Monitoring Residual Movement
Activity: Machine Learning in Rehab
- Key Questions for ML use: -How can ML be used in rehabilitation and assistive devices?
- Ways that Machine learning is used in rehab include
- Personalized Therapy involves tailoring programs to individual needs/progress
- Smart Devices includes AI enhancement of prosthetics for control/obstacle avoidance
- Rehabilitation Robotics provides assistance and interactive therapy for motor recovery
Overall Solution for Assistive Devices
- Able and disabled parts of the human body interact with assistive devices through an interface
- The interface uses sensors and closed-loop control
- User knowledge (ML) predicts the expected action via classification/regression
Movement Classification
- Movement classification involves several steps:
- Movement detection
- Feature extraction
- Dimension reduction
- Classification to translate intention into movement
Assisted Grasping
- Assisted grasping utilizes EMG and IMU data to control robotic hand postures
- The process involves capturing muscle signals/body movement
- These are used to command electrical stimulation and robotic hand movements
Steps for Assisted Grasping involving ML
Movement detection
- Feature extraction via Accelerometer, Gyroscope and Magnetometer
- Results in a high dimensional feature vector
- Dimension reduction
- Classification
Context Adaptation and Concept Drift
- Systems use initial calibration of motion data from IMU
- Can be improved with ongoing manual tuning or continuous learning from new data
- Three types of learning can be applied:
- Unsupervised learning
- Supervised learning
- Adaptive learning
Assisted Grasping questions
- What happens if there is an unintended movement?
- Situations can include moving a wheelchair
- Do-nothing class of confidence score can be employed in this case
- Further questions arise from need of more/different movements
- Should the User know more about limitations?
- Can other body parts be used?
- How is Speed/Amplitude used?
Rowing-Based Rehabilitation
- Rowing rehabilitation involves analyzing joint angles and using Functional Electrical Stimulation(FES) to assist movement
- Data labeling is used to classify different phases such as flexion, off, and extension
Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA)
- PCA is an unsupervised method that maximizes variance in the data, used for dimensionality reduction and feature extraction
- LDA is a supervised method that maximizes class separability, used for dimensionality reduction and classification
Rowing and Finite State Machines
- Rowing movement can be divided into states, such as extension, flexion, and off
- Domain knowledge can be incorporated to improve the accuracy of predictions
- Includes using three LDAs rather than 1
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