Data Representation and Storage Basics

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Questions and Answers

What is the maximum number of different states that can be represented by a binary pattern of length 4?

16 (correct)

Which of the following is TRUE about two's complement?

It cannot represent negative numbers.

It is the same as sign magnitude representation.

It is used only for representing positive numbers.

An 8-bit representation of 0 is 00000000. (correct)

How many bits are used in the standard ASCII encoding?

10 bits

8 bits

7 bits (correct)

6 bits

What is a characteristic of lossy compression?

It reduces file size by discarding some data. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In Von Neumann Architecture, which component is responsible for executing instructions?

ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the quality of a bitmap image?

The resolution and color depth (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does an IP address represent in the context of the internet?

A unique identifier for each device (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of lossless compression?

ZIP (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of DNS?

To resolve domain names into IP addresses (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes HTTPS compared to HTTP?

HTTPS uses encryption for privacy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are firewalls used for in network security?

To block unauthorized access (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term e-waste refer to?

Obsolete electronic devices (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which law regulates the collection and use of personal data in the EU?

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common type of malware that demands payment for access to data?

Ransomware (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of anti-malware software?

To detect and remove malicious software (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of encryption in cybersecurity?

To convert data into unreadable formats (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical issue relates to ensuring that AI systems make responsible decisions?

AI Accountability (C) Signup and view all the answers

What do licenses typically regulate regarding intellectual property?

How software and other intellectual property can be used (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

2.1.2: Binary Representation

Computers use binary (0s and 1s) to represent data.
Binary numbers can be converted to denary (decimal) numbers.
Two's complement is a method for representing negative numbers in binary.
The number of different states represented by a binary pattern of length n is 2ⁿ.

2.2.2: Data Representation

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) uses 7 bits to represent characters.
Bitmap images are made up of pixels, each with a binary value.
Image quality is determined by resolution and color depth.
Analog sound is represented in binary through sampling and bit depth.

2.3.1: Data Storage and Compression

Data storage units include bits, bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, and tebibytes.
File sizes are calculated based on storage units and data.
Lossless compression reduces file sizes without losing data.
Lossy compression discards some data to reduce file sizes.

3.1.1: Hardware (Von Neumann Architecture)

The Von Neumann architecture is a common computer structure.
It includes a CPU (with control unit and ALU), memory, and input/output devices.
The CPU processes instructions through the fetch-decode-execute cycle.

3.1.3: The Internet

The internet is a global network that links devices.
Each device is identified by a unique IP address.
DNS translates human-readable domain names (like www.google.com) to IP addresses.

3.2.1: Network Protocols

TCP/IP handles communication over the internet.
HTTP/HTTPS transfer web pages. HTTPS is secured.
FTP is used for transferring files.

3.2.3: Network Security

Malware (viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware) harms digital systems.
Firewalls block unauthorized access.
Encryption prevents unauthorized access.

5.1.1: Environmental Issues

Digital devices consume energy.
E-waste (discarded devices) has environmental impacts.
Device manufacturing and disposal contribute to pollution.

5.2.1: Ethical and Legal Issues - Personal Data

Privacy is the right to control personal data.
Laws like GDPR regulate personal data.
Users should own their data and consent to its use.
Data misuse can lead to problems like identity theft.

5.2.2: Ethical and Legal Issues - AI and Robotics

AI accountability is important for responsible decisions.
AI algorithms can have biases from training data.
Ensuring the safety of AI systems is crucial.
Legal liability is a consideration when AI causes harm.

5.2.3: Ethical and Legal Issues - Intellectual Property

Copyright protects original works.
Patents protect inventions.
Trademarks protect symbols and names.
Licensing allows legal use of intellectual property.

5.3.1: Cybersecurity Threats (Malware)

Malware (viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware) damages systems.
Viruses attach to files and spread.
Worms self-replicate across networks.
Trojans are disguised and cause harm.
Ransomware locks files and demands payment.

5.3.2: Cybersecurity Protection

Anti-malware software detects and removes malware.
Encryption protects data from unauthorized access.
Backups help recover from data loss.
Acceptable use policies govern system use.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts in binary representation, ASCII coding, and data storage methods. Explore how computers utilize binary to manage information, the principles behind image quality, and the different units used for data storage. Test your knowledge on lossless and lossy compression techniques as well.