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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is an example of internal source of organizational information?
Which of the following is an example of internal source of organizational information?
Which of the following is a characteristic of tactical information?
Which of the following is a characteristic of tactical information?
What is the primary purpose of storage in data processing?
What is the primary purpose of storage in data processing?
What is the term for the classification of data elements into categories such as unit, type, and size?
What is the term for the classification of data elements into categories such as unit, type, and size?
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Which of the following is an example of an external user of organizational information?
Which of the following is an example of an external user of organizational information?
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What is the term for the replication of data on more than one storage area?
What is the term for the replication of data on more than one storage area?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of strategic information?
Which of the following is a characteristic of strategic information?
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What is the term for the transfer of processed data to the end-user?
What is the term for the transfer of processed data to the end-user?
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What is one of the characteristics of computers that enables them to process data efficiently?
What is one of the characteristics of computers that enables them to process data efficiently?
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What type of data relates to quality control, levels of performance, costs, and profits?
What type of data relates to quality control, levels of performance, costs, and profits?
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What is the purpose of the verification step in data processing?
What is the purpose of the verification step in data processing?
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What is the primary advantage of electronic data processing over manual and mechanical methods?
What is the primary advantage of electronic data processing over manual and mechanical methods?
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What type of data is concerned with social, political, and economic factors?
What type of data is concerned with social, political, and economic factors?
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What is the next step after data capturing in the data processing cycle?
What is the next step after data capturing in the data processing cycle?
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What characteristic of computers allows them to handle large amounts of data?
What characteristic of computers allows them to handle large amounts of data?
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What is the primary purpose of data processing operations?
What is the primary purpose of data processing operations?
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What is one of the uses of operational information in an organization?
What is one of the uses of operational information in an organization?
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Which type of information is measured in numerical terms?
Which type of information is measured in numerical terms?
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What is an important characteristic of good information?
What is an important characteristic of good information?
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What is one of the classification of organizational information?
What is one of the classification of organizational information?
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What is the benefit of having cost-effective information?
What is the benefit of having cost-effective information?
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What is an example of qualitative information?
What is an example of qualitative information?
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What is one of the characteristics of operational information?
What is one of the characteristics of operational information?
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What is the main consideration for evaluating the cost of information?
What is the main consideration for evaluating the cost of information?
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What is one of the reasons for the use of information?
What is one of the reasons for the use of information?
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What is an example of a cost of equipment?
What is an example of a cost of equipment?
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What is a characteristic of asynchronous data transmission?
What is a characteristic of asynchronous data transmission?
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What is an element of data communication?
What is an element of data communication?
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What is an advantage of using networks?
What is an advantage of using networks?
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What is a type of network?
What is a type of network?
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What is the purpose of the internet?
What is the purpose of the internet?
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What is a component of a data communication network?
What is a component of a data communication network?
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What is the primary function of a computer?
What is the primary function of a computer?
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What is the Central Processing Unit (CPU) composed of?
What is the Central Processing Unit (CPU) composed of?
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What is the main function of the Main Memory?
What is the main function of the Main Memory?
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What is the difference between ROM and RAM?
What is the difference between ROM and RAM?
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What are the two main categories of hardware?
What are the two main categories of hardware?
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What is the purpose of the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)?
What is the purpose of the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)?
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What is the primary function of the Control Unit (CU)?
What is the primary function of the Control Unit (CU)?
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What is the term for the electronic device that accepts data, processes it, and produces useful information?
What is the term for the electronic device that accepts data, processes it, and produces useful information?
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What is the primary purpose of Telnet?
What is the primary purpose of Telnet?
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What is the primary function of FTP?
What is the primary function of FTP?
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What is the primary purpose of Usenet?
What is the primary purpose of Usenet?
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What was the first program to investigate the information search and retrieval process on the internet?
What was the first program to investigate the information search and retrieval process on the internet?
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What is the term for the process of linking connected information on the internet?
What is the term for the process of linking connected information on the internet?
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What is the primary advantage of using anonymous FTP?
What is the primary advantage of using anonymous FTP?
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What is the primary purpose of the World Wide Web?
What is the primary purpose of the World Wide Web?
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What type of information can be linked on the World Wide Web?
What type of information can be linked on the World Wide Web?
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What is the primary purpose of advanced internet software?
What is the primary purpose of advanced internet software?
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What is the primary advantage of using electronic data processing over manual and mechanical methods?
What is the primary advantage of using electronic data processing over manual and mechanical methods?
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Which of the following is NOT an application protocol of the internet?
Which of the following is NOT an application protocol of the internet?
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What type of data relates to quality control, levels of performance, costs, and profits?
What type of data relates to quality control, levels of performance, costs, and profits?
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What is the primary feature of electronic mail (E-mail)?
What is the primary feature of electronic mail (E-mail)?
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What is the next step after data capturing in the data processing cycle?
What is the next step after data capturing in the data processing cycle?
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What characteristic of computers enables them to process data efficiently?
What characteristic of computers enables them to process data efficiently?
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What is the technology behind the World Wide Web (WWW)?
What is the technology behind the World Wide Web (WWW)?
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What is the primary advantage of using the World Wide Web (WWW)?
What is the primary advantage of using the World Wide Web (WWW)?
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What is the primary purpose of data processing operations?
What is the primary purpose of data processing operations?
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What is the primary purpose of Telnet?
What is the primary purpose of Telnet?
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What type of data is concerned with social, political, and economic factors?
What type of data is concerned with social, political, and economic factors?
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What is the primary difference between E-mail and postal services?
What is the primary difference between E-mail and postal services?
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What is the term for the replication of data on more than one storage area?
What is the term for the replication of data on more than one storage area?
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What is the primary function of client software in the internet?
What is the primary function of client software in the internet?
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What is the primary advantage of using electronic data processing over manual and mechanical methods?
What is the primary advantage of using electronic data processing over manual and mechanical methods?
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What is the primary advantage of using networks in an organization?
What is the primary advantage of using networks in an organization?
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What is the main purpose of the Internet?
What is the main purpose of the Internet?
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What are the three basic hardware components of a data communication network?
What are the three basic hardware components of a data communication network?
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What is the term for the process of sending messages electronically over the Internet?
What is the term for the process of sending messages electronically over the Internet?
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What is the primary function of a computer in a data communication network?
What is the primary function of a computer in a data communication network?
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What is the element of data communication that refers to the receipt of a message by the intended recipient?
What is the element of data communication that refers to the receipt of a message by the intended recipient?
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What is the type of data transmission that occurs in real-time?
What is the type of data transmission that occurs in real-time?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of operational information?
Which of the following is a characteristic of operational information?
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What is the primary difference between quantitative and qualitative information?
What is the primary difference between quantitative and qualitative information?
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What is the primary benefit of having cost-effective information?
What is the primary benefit of having cost-effective information?
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What is the primary purpose of accessibility in information?
What is the primary purpose of accessibility in information?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of present information?
Which of the following is a characteristic of present information?
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What is the primary difference between internal and external sources of information?
What is the primary difference between internal and external sources of information?
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What is the primary purpose of flexibility in information?
What is the primary purpose of flexibility in information?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of information that is highly detailed?
Which of the following is a characteristic of information that is highly detailed?
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Study Notes
Organizational Information
- Organizational information can be classified into three parts: present information, past information, and future information.
- It can be quantitative or qualitative, with quantitative information measured in numerical terms and qualitative information difficult to measure in quantitative terms.
Properties of Information
- Accessibility: information must be readily available with minimal access time.
- Comprehensiveness: information must be complete.
- Accuracy: information must be error-free.
- Appropriateness: information must relate to the user's request.
- Timeliness: processing time for information must be short.
- Flexibility: information must serve multiple users.
- Cost-effectiveness: the benefit of information must be higher than its cost.
Data Processing
- Data processing involves grouping, calculation, storage/retrieval, reproducing, and communication.
- Distributed processing and centralized systems are two data processing techniques.
Types of Information
- Strategic information: derived from internal and external sources, summarized, relevant to the long term, and deals with the whole organization.
- Tactical information: relevant to the short and medium term, and has high speed.
- Operational information: derived almost entirely from internal sources, highly detailed, relates to the immediate term, task-specific, and prepared constantly or very frequently.
Users of Organizational Information
- Internal users: board of directors, directors with functional responsibilities, divisional general managers, division heads, department heads, and section heads.
- External users: external sources such as customers, suppliers, and government agencies.
Characteristics of Information
- Accessibility: information must be readily available.
- Comprehensiveness: information must be complete.
- Accuracy: information must be error-free.
- Appropriateness: information must relate to the user's request.
- Timeliness: processing time for information must be short.
- Flexibility: information must serve multiple users.
- Cost-effectiveness: the benefit of information must be higher than its cost.
Data and Information
- Data: raw facts and figures, whereas information is the result of organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data.
- Types of data: external/environmental data, competitive data, qualitative and quantitative data, and organizational/internal data.
Data Processing Methods
- Manual method: data processing using manual methods.
- Mechanical method: data processing using mechanical devices.
- Electronic method: data processing using electronic devices.
Data Processing Operations
- Data capturing: collecting data at the source point.
- Verification: checking captured data for genuineness and accuracy.
- Arranging: placing data in a logical sequence or order.
Reasons for the Use of Information
- To satisfy legal documents.
- To standardize data collection procedures.
- To improve communication.
Communication Media
- Data transmission and communication devices: computers, telephones, and modems.
- Data transmission: asynchronous or synchronous.
Elements of Data Communication
- Information source.
- Message.
- Transmitter.
- Signal.
- Receiver.
- Information destination.
Networks
- Basic advantages of using networks: sharing resources, provision of local facilities without loss of central control, even distribution of work, and improved communication facilities.
- Categories of networks: local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and metropolitan area networks (MANs).
- Components of network: hardware, software, and connectivity.
Internet
- International network of networks of computers linking different types of users.
- Allows users to locate and retrieve information, send messages, and share resources.
Computer Technology
- Definition: an electronic device that accepts data, processes it, and produces a useful output.
- Basic components: hardware and software.
- Hardware: physical parts of the computer, including keyboard, monitor, mouse, and central processing unit (CPU).
- Software: programs and instructions that control the computer.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
- Components: control unit, arithmetic and logic unit, and main memory.
- Control unit: retrieves and executes instructions.
- Arithmetic and logic unit: performs calculations and logical operations.
- Main memory: stores data and instructions, divided into read-only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM).
CPU Diagram
- Control unit: retrieves and executes instructions.
- Arithmetic and logic unit: performs calculations and logical operations.
- Main memory: stores data and instructions, divided into read-only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM).
Internet and Its Applications
- The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers, allowing users to access and retrieve related files from anywhere.
- It enables the linking of connected information, regardless of location, and provides access to various types of information, including text, graphics, audio, and video.
Telnet
- Telnet is a protocol that allows users to log on to another computer on the internet, making it possible to access and use remote computers as if they were local.
- It enables users to perform tasks on the remote computer as if they were physically present.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
- FTP is a protocol that facilitates the transfer of files between computers over the internet.
- It allows users to upload and download files from remote computers, making it possible to share data and files with others.
USENET
- USENET is a network of online bulletin boards, organized into topic-oriented "newsgroups", where users can read and post messages.
- It provides a platform for people to share information, discuss topics, and connect with others who share similar interests.
Gopher
- Gopher is a protocol that was used to search and retrieve information on the internet.
- It was one of the first programs to investigate the information search and retrieval process on the internet.
Properties of Operational Information
- Operational information is derived from internal sources, highly detailed, and relates to the immediate term.
- It is task-specific, prepared frequently, and largely quantitative.
Classification of Information
- Information can be classified into three categories: present information, past information, and future information.
Quantitative and Qualitative Information
- Quantitative information is measured in numerical terms, such as money or physical quantities.
- Qualitative information is difficult to measure in numerical terms, such as employee morale, motivation, and customer attitude.
Characteristics of Information
- Good information should be accessible, comprehensive, accurate, appropriate, timely, flexible, and cost-effective.
- Information should be available for consumption or use, complete, error-free, relevant to the user's request, and processed quickly.
Cost of Information
- The cost of information includes the cost of equipment, stationeries, consumable materials, training, accommodation, maintenance, staff, and security.
Uses of the Internet
- The internet has various uses, including electronic mail (e-mail), world wide web (WWW), file transfer protocol (FTP), telnet, and gopher.
- Electronic mail is a method of sending messages back and forth among people with internet addresses.
- The world wide web is a tool that allows users to access and retrieve information from anywhere on the internet.
Data Transmission and Communication
- Data transmission may be either asynchronous or synchronous.
- Computers produce digital data, while telephones produce analog data.
Elements of Data Communication
- The elements of data communication include information source, message, transmitter, signal, receiver, and information destination.
- MODEM, front-end-processor, and multiplexor are devices used in data communication.
Types of Transmission
- There are two types of transmission: on-line data transmission and off-line data communication.
Networks
- Networks are collections of interconnected computers and devices that share resources and exchange data.
- The basic advantages of using networks include sharing resources, providing local facilities without losing central control, distributing work evenly, and improving communication facilities.
Components of Network
- The three basic hardware components of a data communication network are computers, devices, and transmission media.
Network Topologies
- Network topologies define the physical and logical arrangement of devices and connections in a network.
Internet
- The internet is an international network of networks that connects different types of users, including academics, industries, governments, and individuals.
- It allows users to locate and retrieve information, send messages, and share resources.
Characteristics of Computers
- Computers have the ability to execute instructions at high speed, accurately, and consistently.
- They can store and process large amounts of data, perform repetitive tasks, and handle complex calculations.
- Computers are also automatic, versatile, and can handle large volumes of data.
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Description
This quiz covers the different operations involved in data processing, including grouping, calculation, storage, and retrieval.
