Data Processing and Emerging Technologies Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic is essential for processed data to qualify for meaningful decision-making?

  • Timeliness (correct)
  • Scarcity
  • Obscurity
  • Complexity

    • What is the first step in the data processing cycle?

  • Input (correct)
  • Analysis
  • Output
  • Processing

    • Which of the following is an example of structured data?

  • JSON files
  • Social media posts
  • Excel spreadsheets (correct)
  • Audio recordings

    • What type of data does not follow a predefined data model?

    <p>Unstructured data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a common data type in computer programming?

    <p>Complex types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does metadata refer to?

    <p>Data that describes other data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which data type can represent true or false answers?

    <p>Booleans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is typically associated with semi-structured data?

    <p>XML files</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of emerging technologies?

    <p>Technologies that are developing or expected in the near future</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the term 'technological evolution'?

    <p>A significant transformation of society through technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following technologies is not listed as an emerging technology?

    <p>Quantum Computing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change characterized the Industrial Revolution?

    <p>Transition from manual tools to machines powered by new energy sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the listed currently available emerging technologies?

    <p>Robotic Process Automation (RPA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'technology' as mentioned in the context?

    <p>The systematic treatment of crafts and techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best captures the essence of the Industrial Revolution?

    <p>It was a shift to new manufacturing processes using machines powered by coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technological advancement is often associated with the impact of emerging technologies on society?

    <p>Significant social and economic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is often referred to as the new oil in today's society?

    <p>Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which device is primarily responsible for executing software instructions?

    <p>Microprocessor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Human-Machine Interaction (HMI) aimed at improving?

    <p>User-friendliness of computers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a service enabling device (SED)?

    <p>Video card</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serves as the backbone for sharing data in a network?

    <p>Network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of device is responsible for providing specific functions in electronic systems?

    <p>Logic device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of programmable devices?

    <p>They incorporate field programmable logic devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does HCI consist of?

    <p>User, computer, and interaction methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is data science primarily concerned with?

    <p>Extracting knowledge and insights from data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the difference between data and information?

    <p>Data is unprocessed facts, while information is processed data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which discipline is NOT mentioned as contributing to Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)?

    <p>Sociology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the data processing life cycle primarily involve?

    <p>Extraction, transformation, and loading of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which emerging technology trend includes improving data analysis through enhanced computing capabilities?

    <p>Augmented Analytics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What knowledge is essential for a data scientist to possess?

    <p>Strong skills in statistics and programming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT included in the Hadoop ecosystem?

    <p>Graphical User Interface (GUI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marked the beginning of the Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0)?

    <p>Transition from hand production to machines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of industry is focused on processing raw materials?

    <p>Primary industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which industrial revolution is characterized by the introduction of digital technology?

    <p>IR 3.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant development during the Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0)?

    <p>Electrical power and communication enhancements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following inventions is associated with transportation during the Industrial Revolution?

    <p>The Steam Engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the quaternary industry?

    <p>Research and development in IT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which industrial revolution took place in 2016?

    <p>IR 4.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the Agricultural Revolution play in the Industrial Revolution?

    <p>It created effects that led to industrialization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Volume' refer to in the context of big data?

    <p>The large amounts of data, such as zeta bytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the concept of 'Clustered Computing'?

    <p>Combining resources from multiple smaller machines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of Hadoop that enhances its reliability?

    <p>It is resistant to hardware failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Veracity' imply in big data analysis?

    <p>The accuracy and trustworthiness of the data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of Hadoop is responsible for data storage?

    <p>HDFS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Hadoop ecosystem component is primarily used for processing data in real-time?

    <p>Spark</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does high availability in clustered computing ensure?

    <p>Access to data remains uninterrupted during failures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of big data velocity?

    <p>Data is live streaming or in motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Emerging Technologies

    • Emerging technologies are technologies currently developing or expected within 5-10 years, often with significant social or economic impact.
    • Technological evolution describes radical societal transformation through technological advancements.
    • Technology, originally referring to grammar, has come to mean the science of mechanical and industrial arts.
    • Evolution is the process of gradual change.

    List of Currently Available Emerging Technologies

    • Artificial Intelligence
    • Blockchain
    • DevOps
    • Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
    • Big Data
    • Internet of Things (IoT)
    • Robotic Process Automation (RPA)
    • Intelligent Apps (I-Apps)
    • Cloud Computing

    The Industrial Revolution (IR)

    • The Industrial Revolution transitioned to new manufacturing processes beginning in Great Britain in the late 1770s.
    • It involved shifting from using tools to making products to using sources like coal to power machinery in factories.
    • The manufacturing of goods moved from small shops to large factories.

    Types of Industries

    • Primary industry: raw material extraction (mining, farming, fishing)
    • Secondary industry: manufacturing (cars, steel)
    • Tertiary industry: service provision (teaching, nursing)
    • Quaternary industry: research and development (IT)

    Industrial Revolutions (IR 1.0-4.0)

    • IR 1.0 (1760): transition from hand production methods to machines, use of mechanization(steam and hydraulic power), and development of machine tools.
    • IR 2.0 (1870): introduction of electrical power and telephones, focusing on mass production.
    • IR 3.0 (1950): transition to digital electronics and mass production of logic circuits (e.g. computers, handphones), also introduced e-commerce.
    • IR 4.0 (2016): advancements in various technologies encompassing robotics, Internet of Things (IoT), additive manufacturing, and autonomous vehicles; a system monitored by algorithms and communication via IoT.

    Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution

    • Transportation: Steam engine, railroad, diesel engine, airplane
    • Communication: Telegraph, transatlantic cable, phonograph, telephone
    • Industry: Cotton gin, sewing machine, electric lights

    Industrial Revolutions' Impact on Society

    • Industrial revolutions fundamentally changed and transferred the world around us into modern society.
    • The steam engine marked the beginning of a new era of science and mass production.
    • The rise of digital technology, coupled with smart and autonomous systems fueled by data and machine learning, characterized the most recent revolution.

    Role of Data in Emerging Technologies

    • Data is considered the new oil (strategic asset) and the driving force behind the future of science, technology, and the economy.

    Enabling Devices and Network (Programmable Devices)

    • Digital electronic systems are composed of memory (storing data), microprocessors (executing instructions), and logic (device functionalities).
    • Networks connect computers and other devices for data sharing.
    • Programmable devices incorporate field programmable logic devices (FPGAs).

    List of Programmable Devices

    • Actel’s
    • Achronix Speedster SPD60
    • Lattice Semiconductor’s ECP3
    • Silicon Blue Technologies
    • Xmos Semiconductor
    • Cypress Semiconductor’s programmable system on chip (PSoC) family

    Service Enabling Devices (SEDs)

    • Modems
    • Routers
    • Switches
    • Conferencing equipment
    • Network appliances (NIDs and SIDs)
    • Hosting equipment and servers
    • Traditional channel service units (CSUs)

    Human-Machine Interaction (HMI)

    • HMI describes communications and interactions between humans and machines via user interfaces.
    • Human-computer interaction (HCI) involves users, computers, and the way they interact. Its goal is improved user-friendliness.

    Disciplines Contributing to HCI

    • Cognitive psychology: (limitations, information processing, and performance)
    • Computer science: (graphics, technology, prototyping, and user interface management systems)
    • Linguistics
    • Engineering and design
    • Artificial intelligence
    • Human factors
    • 5G Networks
    • Artificial Intelligence (AI)
    • Autonomous Devices
    • Blockchain
    • Augmented Analytics
    • Digital Twins
    • Enhanced Edge Computing
    • Immersive Experiences in Smart Spaces

    Data Science - Chapter Two

    • Data science defines the role of data scientists, differentiating data and information, describing the data processing life cycle, describing the data value chain, understanding big data, and the Hadoop ecosystem components.
    • Data science involves multifaceted methods, processes, algorithms, and systems tailored for extracting insights from both structured and unstructured data. Data scientists possess strong quantitative skills (statistics and algebra) and programming knowledge focused on warehousing, data mining, and modelling.
    • Data is raw unprocessed facts, whereas information is processed and meaningful data.
    • Characteristics of useful processed data: timely, accurate, and complete.
    • Data Processing Cycle (Input → Processing → Output).

    Data Types

    • Data types in programming specify how data is used. Examples include integers, booleans, characters, floating-point numbers, and alphanumeric strings.
    • Structured data is organized, using a formal structure, like a database or spreadsheet.
    • Semi-structured data has some organization but not as formalized as structured data. They utilize tags or markers to separate data elements. JSON and XML are classic examples.
    • Unstructured data lacks a formal schema or structure, like text files, audio, and video.

    Metadata

    • Metadata is data about data, describing existing data, such as file creation date, or location data.

    Data Value Chain

    • Data value chain involves data acquisition, analysis, curation, storage, and usage.

    Data Acquisition (DAQ)

    • Gathering, filtering, and cleaning data before storing it in a data warehouse.

    Data Analysis

    • Processing data using analytical and statistical tools to discover useful insights. Includes the process of exploring, transforming, and modeling data.

    Data Curation

    • Managing and preserving data, its trustworthiness, discoverability, and reusability.

    Data Storage

    • Recording data using mediums. Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) with their ACID properties are used for this purpose.

    Basic Concepts of Big Data

    • Big data consists of massive and complex data sets, difficult to process with traditional database tools.
    • Big data characteristics include: volume (massive amounts of data), velocity (data in motion), variety (different forms of data), and veracity (data quality and trustworthiness).

    Clustered Computing

    • Employing clusters of computers to handle the storage and processing of big data (resource pooling, high availability, scalability).

    Hadoop and its Ecosystem

    • Hadoop is an open-source framework for distributed processing of massive data sets across clusters. Its key features include: economical, reliable, scalable (horizontally and vertically), and flexible.
    • Hadoop ecosystem: HDFS, YARN, MapReduce, Spark, PIG, HIVE, HBase, and machine learning frameworks (Mahout, Spark MLLib) are crucial components.

    Big Data Life Cycle with Hadoop

    • The cycle includes ingestion of data from various sources, data processing in storage, computing and analyzing data using processing frameworks, and visualizing results.

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    Related Documents

    Introduction to Emerging Technologies PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on data processing cycles, types of data, and emerging technologies. This quiz covers essential characteristics for decision-making, examples of structured data, and insights on technological evolution. Gain a deeper understanding of the key concepts that shape our technological landscape.

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