Data Mining and Data Analysis Quiz

12 Questions

Which term refers to the samples who are actual participants in the research?

Respondents

What type of level of measurement do geometric shapes belong to?

Nominal

Which type of data has a true zero point and is the highest level of measurement?

Ratio

Which phase of statistics involves using patterns in sample data to draw inferences about the represented population?

Inferential statistics

Which type of data involves or may be influenced by subjectivity (bias)?

Qualitative data

Which term refers to information that is already available from sources like journals, the internet, or company records?

Secondary data

What is the primary purpose of data mining?

To extract previously unknown and interesting patterns from large data sets

Which of the following best describes data analysis?

A process of inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data to discover useful information

What is the primary focus of business intelligence?

Acquiring and transforming unstructured business data to identify new opportunities

Which of the following best describes descriptive or deductive statistics?

A process of summarizing and organizing statistical data without generalization

According to the definition by John Tukey, what does the data analysis process encompass?

Procedures for analyzing, interpreting, planning data gathering, and applying statistical machinery

What is the difference between a population and a sample in statistics?

A population refers to a group or aggregate, while a sample is a portion representing its characteristics

Study Notes

Data Types

Respondents: samples who are actual participants in the research
Data: facts or set of information gathered or under studies
Nominal data: labels or classes with an implied ordering in these labels
Ratio data: has all the properties of the interval scale and can be multiplied and divided, has a true zero point, and is the highest level of measurement
Geometric shapes belong to the nominal level of measurement

Statistics

Descriptive statistics: summarizes data from the entire population or a sample with numerical descriptors such as Mean, Standard Deviation for Continuous Data, Frequency, Percentage for Categorical Data
Inferential statistics: uses patterns in the sample data to draw inferences about the represented population or accounting for randomness
Predictive analytics: uses statistical models to analyze current and historical data for forecasting (predictions)
Text analytics: process of deriving high-quality information from text

Data Classification

Numerical information: Age, Height, Grade
Non-numerical information: Level Of awareness, Emotions, Grade in letter

Data Sources

Primary data: information collected from sources such as personal interviews, questionnaires or survey with a specific intention on a specific subject
Secondary data: information that already available somewhere, like journals, the internet, a company’s records or, on a larger scale, in corporate or governmental archives

Data Analysis

Qualitative data: attributes which cannot be subjected to meaningful arithmetic, involves or may be influenced by subjectivity (bias), examples: attitudes, feelings, willingness, likeliness
Data mining: analysis of large quantities of data to extract previously unknown, interesting patterns of data, unusual data and the dependencies
Data analysis: process of inspecting, cleaning, transforming and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information, suggesting conclusions and supporting decision-making
Business intelligence: acquisition and transformation of large amounts of unstructured business data to help identify, develop and create new strategic business opportunities

Statistics Terms

Conclusion: an opinion based on the findings, a generalization on population based on the result of the investigation on samples
Population: a group or aggregates of people, animals, objects, materials, happenings or things of any form
Sample: a portion of a population to represent their characteristics or property whereby the members of the group or set vary or differ from one another
Statistics: science which deals with methods in the collection, gathering, presentation, analysis and interpretation of data