Podcast
Questions and Answers
The standard code used is ______ (cyclic redundancy code)
The standard code used is ______ (cyclic redundancy code)
CRC
Channel partitioning is used in ______ protocols to divide the channel into smaller “pieces”
Channel partitioning is used in ______ protocols to divide the channel into smaller “pieces”
TDMA FDMA
The protocol that assigns a variable and defines a frame is called ______ Sliding Window Protocol
The protocol that assigns a variable and defines a frame is called ______ Sliding Window Protocol
One-Bit
The protocol that uses a buffer to delay and effect the frame without an ACK is called ______ Protocol
The protocol that uses a buffer to delay and effect the frame without an ACK is called ______ Protocol
The protocol that maps IP addresses to ______ addresses is called ARP
The protocol that maps IP addresses to ______ addresses is called ARP
The protocol that carries network data of any network layer protocol at the same time is called ______ – Point to Point Protocol
The protocol that carries network data of any network layer protocol at the same time is called ______ – Point to Point Protocol
HDLC is a ______ - oriented protocol where each frame contains up to six fields.
HDLC is a ______ - oriented protocol where each frame contains up to six fields.
The field that marks the beginning and the end of the frame is known as the ______.
The field that marks the beginning and the end of the frame is known as the ______.
The ______ field contains the address of the receiver.
The ______ field contains the address of the receiver.
The ______ field carries the data from the network layer.
The ______ field carries the data from the network layer.
HDLC is applicable for both ______ and multipoint communications.
HDLC is applicable for both ______ and multipoint communications.
The ______ is a 2 byte or 4 bytes frame check sequence for error detection.
The ______ is a 2 byte or 4 bytes frame check sequence for error detection.
Time Division Multiple Access is a digital modulation technique used in digital ______ telephone and mobile radio communication.
Time Division Multiple Access is a digital modulation technique used in digital ______ telephone and mobile radio communication.
In ______ protocols, the channel spectrum is divided into frequency bands, each station assigned a fixed frequency band.
In ______ protocols, the channel spectrum is divided into frequency bands, each station assigned a fixed frequency band.
In ______ access protocols, when two or more transmitting nodes send in the same time, there is a chance of collision.
In ______ access protocols, when two or more transmitting nodes send in the same time, there is a chance of collision.
In ______ MAC protocols, the master node “invites” slave nodes to transmit in turn.
In ______ MAC protocols, the master node “invites” slave nodes to transmit in turn.
In ______ MAC protocols, a control token is passed from one node to the next sequentially.
In ______ MAC protocols, a control token is passed from one node to the next sequentially.
CSMA/CD is an ______ method that deals with signals overlapping and destroying each other in a single line.
CSMA/CD is an ______ method that deals with signals overlapping and destroying each other in a single line.
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Study Notes
Elementary Data Link Protocols
- Unrestricted Simplex Protocol (SP) transmits data in one direction
- Simplex Stop-and-Wait Protocol (SWP) controls flooding
- Simplex Protocol for a Noisy Channel (SPN) limits send and receive capacities between sender and receiver
Sliding Window Protocols
- One-Bit Sliding Window Protocol (SWP) involves:
- Assigning a variable
- Defining a frame
- Accepting a frame
- Go Back N Protocol: discarding and buffering
- Selective Repeat Protocol (SRP): accepting and buffering delayed frames without ACK
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
- Carries network data of any network layer protocol
- Error detection (no correction) using a simple mechanism
- No flow control
- Connection life, signal link, and negotiator
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
- Maps IP addresses to MAC addresses
- ARP request is a broadcast, but ARP reply is Unicast
- ARP tables contain MAC and IP addresses of other devices on the network
MAC Protocols
- Channel partitioning: dividing the channel into smaller "pieces" (time slots, frequency, code) and allocating nodes for exclusive use
- Random access protocols:
- Channel not divided, allowing collisions
- "Recovering" from collisions
- "Taking turns" protocols:
- Nodes take turns, but nodes with more to send can take longer turns
Data Link Protocols
- High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) is a group of communication protocols for transmitting data between network points or nodes
- HDLC is a bit-oriented protocol, applicable for both point-to-point and multipoint communications
- HDLC frame structure:
- Flag: 8-bit sequence marking the beginning and end of the frame (01111110)
- Address: contains the address of the receiver (1- several bytes)
- Control: 1-2 bytes containing flow and error control information
- Payload: carries data from the network layer (variable length)
- FCS: 2-4 byte frame check sequence for error detection
Channel Partitioning MAC Protocols
- Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA): dividing the limited spectrum into fixed length slots
- Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA): dividing the channel spectrum into frequency bands, each station assigned a fixed frequency band
Random Access Protocols
- CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access): deferring transmission if channel sensed busy
- Collisions can still occur due to propagation delay
Access Method
- CSMA/CD: detecting and recovering from collisions
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