Data Communications Overview
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Questions and Answers

What does throughput measure in a network?

  • The total number of connected devices
  • The time delay for data packets
  • The capacity of storage devices
  • The average rate of successful data transmission (correct)

    • What is indicated by high throughput?

  • Good network performance (correct)
  • A lot of packet loss
  • Poor network performance
  • Increased latency

    • How is network latency commonly measured?

  • In network connections
  • In signal strength
  • In bytes per second
  • In round trips (correct)

    • Which situation may lead to increased latency in a network?

    <p>Network congestion or long distances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What analogy is used to describe the concept of throughput?

    <p>The flow of water through a pipe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does high latency have on network services?

    <p>Choppy and lagging services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of circuits use a single pair of wires to carry signals?

    <p>Two-wire circuits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence of low throughput in a network?

    <p>Potential packet loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant disadvantage of bus topology?

    <p>Failure of a shared communication line affects all devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of device can serve as a central hub in star topology?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the failure of a single host in ring topology impact the network?

    <p>It results in the failure of the entire ring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cable type is primarily used in bus topology?

    <p>Coaxial cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In mesh topology, how do hosts connect with one another?

    <p>In point-to-point connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common advantage of star topology over other topologies?

    <p>Simplicity in configuration and device connection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the data transmission in bus topology?

    <p>Data is sent only one way through the bus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which topology requires minimal additional cabling when adding new hosts?

    <p>Star topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of data communication?

    <p>To transfer data from one place to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of a data communication system?

    <p>Transmission Rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does TCP play in data communication?

    <p>It divides messages into packets and reassembles them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a data communication system, what is the function of a protocol?

    <p>To ensure data is understandable to the receiver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a transmission medium?

    <p>A pathway connecting workstations for data transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Internet Protocol (IP)?

    <p>To manage the addressing for data packets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes a message in the context of data communication?

    <p>Any piece of data intended for transfer, like text or video</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When packets arrive at the destination, what does TCP do?

    <p>It reassembles the packets in the correct order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In bipolar schemes, what does a zero voltage level represent?

    <p>Binary 0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between synchronous and asynchronous transmission regarding response time?

    <p>Synchronous transmission requires completion before response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which encoding method in bipolar schemes uses zero voltage to represent bit 1?

    <p>Pseudoternary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of asynchronous transmission?

    <p>Random time intervals between transmissions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the cost of synchronous transmission compare to asynchronous transmission?

    <p>Synchronous transmission is more costly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following states is true for synchronous transmission?

    <p>There is no gap present between data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do alternating positive and negative voltages represent in the Alternative Mark Inversion (AMI) scheme?

    <p>Binary 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major drawback of asynchronous transmission compared to synchronous transmission?

    <p>Potential empty transmission line during gaps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which encoding method defines bit 1 with positive voltage and bit 0 with zero voltage?

    <p>Non Return to Zero (NRZ)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which encoding scheme do signals always transition in the middle of the bit regardless of its value?

    <p>Differential Manchester</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of the Polar NRZ-I encoding scheme?

    <p>It has a transition at a boundary for bit 1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which data encoding technique is designed to ensure transitions in the signal to represent bit values?

    <p>Differential Manchester</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following encoding schemes uses three voltage levels to represent bits?

    <p>RZ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Bipolar Encoding from Unipolar Encoding?

    <p>Bipolar Encoding has multiple voltage levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Manchester encoding scheme, what voltage transition occurs for bit 0?

    <p>From +V to -V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which encoding scheme specifies that a binary 1 is mapped to logic-level high?

    <p>NRZ-Level (NRZ-L)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes half-duplex communication in a circuit?

    <p>Data transmission occurs in one direction at a time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using a four-wire circuit?

    <p>Reduced interference and increased data transfer rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which components are included in a four-wire circuit?

    <p>Transmit Data Positive, Transmit Data Negative, Receive Data Positive, and Receive Data Negative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes circuit switching from packet switching?

    <p>Circuit switching establishes a dedicated communication path.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the advantages of packet switching?

    <p>Increased reliability through rerouting of packets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of circuit is ground often included?

    <p>Four-wire circuits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Transmit Data Negative (TD-) wire in a four-wire circuit?

    <p>To carry the negative side of the differential signal for transmitting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding data transmission methods is inaccurate?

    <p>Circuit switching provides fluctuating bandwidth during communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Data Communications Lecture Notes

    • Data communication is the process of transferring data from one place to another
    • It involves the conversion of data into signals that can be transmitted and then reconverted at the receiving end
    • Data communication systems consist of components:
      • Message: The information to be transmitted
      • Sender: The device that sends the data
      • Receiver: The device that receives the data
      • Communication channels: The medium connecting sender and receiver (e.g., wires, fiber optics)
      • Protocols: Sets of rules that govern how data is transmitted
    • Protocols define how data is transmitted and communicated
    • Communication channels connect multiple workstations
    • Data is often broken into packets and sent over the internet

    Data Communication Models

    • OSI model: A conceptual model of network architecture
      • 7 layers: Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical
    • TCP/IP model: A model for internet communication
      • 4 conceptual layers: Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Access

    Data Transmission Types

    • Serial Communication: Data transmitted sequentially bit by bit over a single channel
    • Parallel Communication: Data transmitted simultaneously over multiple channels

    Communication Channels/Media

    • Wired Media:
      • Twisted Pair Cable: uses twisted copper wires
      • Fiber Optic Cable: uses light signals
      • Coaxial Cable: uses a central copper wire surrounded by insulation and a metal shield to reduce noise
    • Wireless Media:
      • Radio: uses electromagnetic waves at various frequencies (3 kHz to 300 GHz)
      • Microwaves: uses electromagnetic waves for long-distance communication
      • Infrared: uses electromagnetic waves with frequencies below visible light
      • Satellite: used for long-distance communication

    Network Topologies

    • Point-to-Point: Two devices connected directly
    • Bus: All devices share a single communication line
    • Star: All devices connect to a central hub
    • Ring: Devices connected in a closed loop
    • Mesh: Multiple connections between devices, can be full (all devices connected to all others) or partial

    Transmission Modes

    • Simplex: One-way communication
    • Half-Duplex: Two-way communication, but only one direction at a time
    • Full-Duplex: Two-way communication in both directions simultaneously

    Data Encoding Techniques

    • Unipolar, Polar, Bipolar: Represent data as varying voltages, used in data transmissions

    Synchronization Methods

    • Synchronous: Fixed time intervals between data transmission
    • Asynchronous: Time intervals vary, using start and stop bits

    Errors

    • Errors can be detected and corrected in real time in more efficient systems

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    Related Documents

    Data Communications PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamentals of data communications, including the essential components, protocols, and communication models such as OSI and TCP/IP. It is designed to test your understanding of how data is transmitted and received over various channels. Prepare to delve into the key concepts that underpin modern networking.

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