Data, Information, and Knowledge Overview
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Data, Information, and Knowledge Overview

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What is the purpose of a primary key in a relational database?

  • To connect two tables through a foreign key.
  • To uniquely identify each record in a table. (correct)
  • To categorize data types within a table.
  • To reduce duplicated data in the database.

    • Which of the following is NOT a data type typically used in relational databases?

  • Currency
  • Image (correct)
  • Boolean
  • Paragraph Text

    • What does normalization in database design primarily involve?

  • Reducing duplicated data and ensuring data integrity. (correct)
  • Creating a backup of the database for safety.
  • Adding supplementary fields to each table.
  • Designing tables without relationships.

    • In a relational database, what is a foreign key?

    <p>A field in one table that connects to the primary key of another table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When designing a database, which step is essential before identifying tables and fields?

    <p>Understanding the goal of how the database will be used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the difference between data and information?

    <p>Data lacks context, while information provides context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines a database?

    <p>An organized collection of related information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is controlling redundant data important?

    <p>It prevents data corruption across multiple sheets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a Database Management System (DBMS)?

    <p>To organize and manage databases efficiently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest level of information hierarchy according to the provided content?

    <p>Wisdom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason for using a database?

    <p>Relying on human memory for storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is knowledge described in the information hierarchy?

    <p>Aggregated and analyzed information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario could a violation of data integrity occur?

    <p>Data is stored across multiple spreadsheets with inconsistent updates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of a Database Management System (DBMS)?

    <p>To create, store, organize, and access data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a relational DBMS allow for enhanced information retrieval?

    <p>By joining multiple relational tables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents the logical view of data in a DBMS?

    <p>How end users perceive and interact with data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does the 'project' operation perform within a relational DBMS?

    <p>It creates a new table containing specific columns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'select' operation do in a relational database?

    <p>It creates a subset of records meeting specified criteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes SQL in the context of a DBMS?

    <p>SQL is a programming language that allows for data analysis and manipulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of keeping field data storage limits as small as possible in a database?

    <p>To minimize data retrieval time and optimize storage space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example is not a feature of a relational DBMS?

    <p>Providing direct data entry forms for users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Volume' aspect of the 4Vs Framework refer to?

    <p>The scale or size of the data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of databases can handle unstructured data effectively?

    <p>Non-Relational Databases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of distributed databases?

    <p>Stored in multiple physical locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates cryptocurrencies from NFTs?

    <p>Cryptocurrencies are fungible, while NFTs are non-fungible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Velocity' element of the 4Vs Framework represent?

    <p>The frequency of incoming data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a cloud relational database service?

    <p>Amazon Relational Database Service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does blockchain enhance transaction security?

    <p>By maintaining a permanent ledger of blocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using cloud computing for databases?

    <p>Pricing based on usage for small to medium-sized businesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main benefits of using a data warehouse?

    <p>Centralized view of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of data mining?

    <p>To find unknown trends and patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does business intelligence utilize mined data?

    <p>For increasing competitive advantage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the process of capturing and organizing company knowledge?

    <p>Knowledge Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates knowledge from data and information?

    <p>Knowledge is contextually specific.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a relational database, what does a primary key do?

    <p>Identifies a unique record</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following techniques is used by a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)?

    <p>Selection, Joining, and Projection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the significant characteristics of big data?

    <p>Volume, velocity, and variety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Data, Information, and Knowledge

    • Data is raw facts without context or intent.
      • It can be quantitative (numeric) or qualitative (descriptive)
    • Information is data given context and is more specific.
    • Knowledge is information that's been aggregated and analyzed to make decisions, set policies, and spark innovation.
    • Wisdom is the combination of knowledge and experience that improves decision-making.

    Data

    • Data is used to generate knowledge for decision-making.
    • Databases are organized collections of related information.
    • Example: a university may use a separate database to maintain student financial records.

    Database Reasons

    • Control redundant data: If multiple spreadsheets are used, the same data exists multiple times, creating potential for corruption.
    • Data integrity: If there’s a rule stating students must pay tuition before receiving marks, multiple files might miss this rule, leading to problems.
    • Relies on human memory: It is inefficient for humans to remember data locations.

    Relational Databases

    • Data is organized into tables, also known as relations.
    • Tables consist of records (rows) containing fields (categories).
    • Example: A student table may have fields like Student ID, Course ID, and Grade Earned.

    Database Design

    • Designing a database involves:
      • Understanding the goal for the database.
      • Identifying the needed data to achieve the goal.
      • Understanding how the data is related to each other.
    • Identify tables and fields to organize data.
      • The main table requires a primary key, which is unique to each record and doesn't change.

    Primary Key & Foreign Key

    • A primary key is a unique identifier for each record.
      • Example: Student Number
    • A foreign key in one table links to the primary key data in the original table.
    • Normalization involves:
      • Reducing duplicate data.
      • Ensuring data integrity.

    Database Design: Data Types

    • Text: Non-numeric data up to 256 characters. Example: student name
    • Number: Numeric data. Example: Student number
    • Boolean (Yes/No): 0 for No/False; 1 for Yes/True. Example: Part-time or Full-time student
    • Date/Time: Numeric data that can be interpreted as a number or a time. Example: Day student started the program
    • Currency: Monetary data Example: Tuition amount charged
    • Paragraph Text: Stores text longer than 256 characters.
    • Object: Data that cannot be typed, such as a picture or music file. Example: Student picture

    Database Management Systems (DBMS)

    • Software used for creating, storing, organizing, and accessing data from a database.
    • SQL (Structured Query Language) is used to analyze and manipulate relational data.
    • Separates the logical view (how users see the data) from the physical view (how the data is structured).
    • Examples: Microsoft Access, DB2, Oracle Database, Microsoft SQL Server.

    How a Relational DBMS Works

    • Select: Creates a subset of records meeting specific criteria.
    • Join: Combines tables to present more information than individual tables.
    • Project: Creates a subset containing only selected columns, allowing users to create new tables with desired information.

    The Challenge of Big Data

    • Big data is massive, unstructured, and semi-structured data sets that conventional data processing tools cannot handle.
    • Big data is characterized by:
      • Volume: The sheer size of the data.
      • Variety: Different forms of data.
      • Veracity: Trustworthiness of the data.
      • Velocity: Frequency of incoming data.
    • Big datasets offer more patterns and insights than small datasets.
    • Requires new technologies and tools.

    Non-Relational Databases

    • "NoSQL" (Not Only SQL) databases.
    • Scale better than relational databases, often on multiple machines or data centers.
    • Handle large data sets that are not easily organized into tables.
    • Use flexible data models and do not require extensive structuring.
    • Can manage unstructured data, such as social media and graphics.
    • Examples: Amazon's Simple DB, MetLife's MongoDB.

    Cloud Databases and Distributed Databases

    • Cloud relational database engines are offered by cloud computing services.
      • They are priced based on usage.
      • Attractive to small and medium-sized businesses.
      • Example: Amazon Relational Database Service (offers MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle Database engines).
    • Distributed databases:
      • Stored in multiple physical locations.
      • Example: Google's Spanner cloud service.

    Blockchain

    • A distributed database of transactions.
    • Operates on a network without a central authority.
    • Maintains a growing list of records called blocks.
    • Once recorded, blocks cannot be changed, enhancing security.
    • Reduces transaction processing costs.
    • Used for cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin) and NFTs.

    Data Warehouse Benefits

    • Encourages organizations to understand their data.
    • Provides a centralized view of data to identify inconsistencies.
    • Higher quality data leads to better business decisions.
    • Allows analysis of data over multiple time periods.
    • Tools combine data for more insights into business operations.

    Data Mining

    • An automated process of analyzing data to find unknown trends, patterns, and associations.
    • Used to make better business decisions.
    • Business intelligence: Uses mined data and analyzes it for information to gain a competitive advantage.
    • Business analytics: Uses internal company data to improve business processes and practices.

    Knowledge Management (KM)

    • Companies and individuals accumulate knowledge, which is not consistently written down or saved.
    • KM formalizes the capture, indexing, and storing of company knowledge.
    • It helps to create a system to organize and share knowledge throughout the company.

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    Related Documents

    MISY2010_Module 5 Database student.pptx

    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of data, information, and knowledge. It explores the differences between these terms and the importance of databases in managing data. Test your understanding of how data can be transformed into actionable knowledge for decision-making.

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