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Questions and Answers
What does high throughput indicate about network performance?
What does high throughput indicate about network performance?
What does the term 'latency' refer to in networking?
What does the term 'latency' refer to in networking?
In the water analogy for throughput, what does a wide pipe represent?
In the water analogy for throughput, what does a wide pipe represent?
What is commonly measured in round trips to assess latency?
What is commonly measured in round trips to assess latency?
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Which scenario best describes high latency conditions in a network?
Which scenario best describes high latency conditions in a network?
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What may cause high levels of latency in a network?
What may cause high levels of latency in a network?
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How is throughput typically measured?
How is throughput typically measured?
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Which of the following describes the impact of low throughput on a network?
Which of the following describes the impact of low throughput on a network?
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What distinguishes half-duplex communication from full-duplex communication?
What distinguishes half-duplex communication from full-duplex communication?
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In a four-wire circuit, what is the primary purpose of the separation of transmitting and receiving paths?
In a four-wire circuit, what is the primary purpose of the separation of transmitting and receiving paths?
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Which component carries the positive side of the differential signal for receiving in a four-wire circuit?
Which component carries the positive side of the differential signal for receiving in a four-wire circuit?
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What is a significant characteristic of circuit switching?
What is a significant characteristic of circuit switching?
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Which of the following best describes packet switching?
Which of the following best describes packet switching?
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What advantage does packet switching provide over circuit switching?
What advantage does packet switching provide over circuit switching?
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What role does ground play in half-duplex communication circuits?
What role does ground play in half-duplex communication circuits?
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How does ground utility differ in four-wire circuits compared to half-duplex systems?
How does ground utility differ in four-wire circuits compared to half-duplex systems?
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What is the primary function of the outer metallic wrap in a cable?
What is the primary function of the outer metallic wrap in a cable?
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What does a zero voltage level represent in the Alternative Mark Inversion (AMI) scheme?
What does a zero voltage level represent in the Alternative Mark Inversion (AMI) scheme?
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Which frequency range is associated with microwave communication?
Which frequency range is associated with microwave communication?
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Which of the following describes an advantage of synchronous transmission over asynchronous transmission?
Which of the following describes an advantage of synchronous transmission over asynchronous transmission?
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What is the main characteristic of a point-to-point topology?
What is the main characteristic of a point-to-point topology?
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In pseudoternary encoding, how is a bit 1 represented?
In pseudoternary encoding, how is a bit 1 represented?
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In bus topology, what issue may arise when multiple hosts send data at the same time?
In bus topology, what issue may arise when multiple hosts send data at the same time?
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Which statement correctly describes the transmission characteristics of synchronous transmission?
Which statement correctly describes the transmission characteristics of synchronous transmission?
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What is a key characteristic of Bus topology?
What is a key characteristic of Bus topology?
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Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with wireless media?
Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with wireless media?
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What happens if the hub fails in Star topology?
What happens if the hub fails in Star topology?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of synchronous transmission?
Which of the following is a characteristic of synchronous transmission?
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Which satellite frequency band is primarily used for GPS services?
Which satellite frequency band is primarily used for GPS services?
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In Ring topology, what is the consequence of a single host failing?
In Ring topology, what is the consequence of a single host failing?
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What is a disadvantage of synchronous transmission compared to asynchronous transmission?
What is a disadvantage of synchronous transmission compared to asynchronous transmission?
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Which type of wireless communication operates with frequencies just below visible light?
Which type of wireless communication operates with frequencies just below visible light?
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Which of the following describes Mesh topology?
Which of the following describes Mesh topology?
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Which modulation technique is NOT categorized as an analog to digital signal conversion?
Which modulation technique is NOT categorized as an analog to digital signal conversion?
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In bipolar schemes, what is the representation of binary 1?
In bipolar schemes, what is the representation of binary 1?
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What defines network topology?
What defines network topology?
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In the NRZ (Non Return to Zero) encoding scheme, what voltage level is used to represent bit 0?
In the NRZ (Non Return to Zero) encoding scheme, what voltage level is used to represent bit 0?
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What type of cable is typically used in Bus topology?
What type of cable is typically used in Bus topology?
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Which of the following is true regarding the economical aspect of transmission methods?
Which of the following is true regarding the economical aspect of transmission methods?
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What is the main reason Star topology is considered less expensive for adding new hosts?
What is the main reason Star topology is considered less expensive for adding new hosts?
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Which of the following schemes has a transition at the middle of each bit but determines bit values at the beginning of the bit?
Which of the following schemes has a transition at the middle of each bit but determines bit values at the beginning of the bit?
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Which encoding scheme uses three voltage levels?
Which encoding scheme uses three voltage levels?
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How does data travel in Ring topology when sending a message to a non-adjacent host?
How does data travel in Ring topology when sending a message to a non-adjacent host?
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Which statement is true regarding the point of failure in various topologies?
Which statement is true regarding the point of failure in various topologies?
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What does the Polar NRZ-I encoding scheme do when transmitting a logical 1?
What does the Polar NRZ-I encoding scheme do when transmitting a logical 1?
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What is the main characteristic of Manchester encoding?
What is the main characteristic of Manchester encoding?
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What type of data encoding does NOT use both positive and negative voltage levels?
What type of data encoding does NOT use both positive and negative voltage levels?
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Which of the following encoding schemes has no return to zero and defines bit 0 with a zero voltage level?
Which of the following encoding schemes has no return to zero and defines bit 0 with a zero voltage level?
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Study Notes
Data Communications
- Data communication is the process of transferring data from one place to another or between two locations.
- It involves the conversion of data into signals that can be transmitted and received.
- Data communication systems consist of components such as the sender, receiver, message, protocols, and transmission medium.
Basic Components of Data Communication Systems
- Message: Piece of information to be transmitted (e.g., text, audio, video).
- Sender: Device that sends data messages.
- Receiver: Device that receives messages.
- Protocols: Set of rules that define how data is transmitted and communicated.
- Communication channels: Medium connecting devices (e.g., workstations).
Data Communication Models
- OSI Model: Seven-layer model for transmitting data over the internet.
- TCP/IP Model: Four-layer model that predates the OSI model.
Types of Data Transmission
- Serial Communication: Data transmitted one bit at a time, single communication line. Used for long distances.
- Parallel Communication: Multiple bits transmitted simultaneously on separate wires. Used for short distances where speed is important, example printers, external hard drives. Data is sent in groups of 8 bits.
Communication Channels
- Wired Media: Includes Twisted-Pair cable, Fiber Optic cable, and Coaxial cable.
- Wireless Media: Includes Radio, Microwaves, Infrared, and Satellite communication.
Network Topologies
- Point-to-Point: Two hosts connected via a single cable. Failure of one host doesn't usually affect the other hosts.
- Bus Topology: All hosts share a single communication line/cable. Hosts send data at the same time. It can have problems communicating at the same time. Failure in one host will not always affect other hosts on the network.
- Star Topology: Hosts are connected to a central device, referred to as a hub. Hosts send data to the central host. Easier to add new hosts to the network.
- Ring Topology: Every host connects with two other hosts, in a circular fashion. Messages must circulate through all connected hosts to get to the correct host. Failure of one host can cause a failure of the entire system.
- Mesh Topology: One or more hosts can be connected to every other host. All hosts have dedicated pathways for transmitting data and redundancy improves reliability.
Transmission Modes
- Simplex: One-way communication (e.g., broadcasting).
- Half-duplex: Two-way communication, but only one direction at a time (e.g., walkie-talkie).
- Full-duplex: Two-way communication simultaneously in both directions.
Data Encoding
- Unipolar: Signal is either positive or zero voltage.
- Polar: Voltage alternates between positive and negative, binary signals.
- Bipolar: Three voltage levels (positive, negative, zero) to represent bits.
Synchronization Methods
- Synchronous Transmission: Data is sent in blocks, constant time interval, more accurate but slower than Asynchronous transmission.
- Asynchronous Transmission: Data sent as bytes, time interval is not fixed, transmission time is economical. Time interval is random.
Errors
- Errors detected and corrected in real time (e.g., video conferencing)
- Errors detected when data is received (e.g., email)
Latency
- Delay of data packet to reach destination.
- High latency means longer delay to reach destination (e.g., large file transfer).
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of data communication, covering essential components, models, and types of data transmission. You'll learn about the OSI and TCP/IP models, as well as the roles of senders, receivers, and protocols in effective data transfer. Join us to test your knowledge on this pivotal aspect of networking.
