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Questions and Answers
Data communications is the exchange of data between two devices via some form of transmission medium such as via ______.
Data communications is the exchange of data between two devices via some form of transmission medium such as via ______.
wire cable
The four fundamental characteristics that affect the effectiveness of data communication are delivery, accuracy, timeliness, and ______.
The four fundamental characteristics that affect the effectiveness of data communication are delivery, accuracy, timeliness, and ______.
jitter
The ______ is the device that sends the data message.
The ______ is the device that sends the data message.
sender
In a simplex data flow, communication is ______, as on a one-way street.
In a simplex data flow, communication is ______, as on a one-way street.
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In a half duplex system, each station can both transmit and receive, but not at the ______.
In a half duplex system, each station can both transmit and receive, but not at the ______.
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A ______ is defined as a set of nodes connected by communication links.
A ______ is defined as a set of nodes connected by communication links.
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Distributed processing is when a task is divided among multiple ______.
Distributed processing is when a task is divided among multiple ______.
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Performance of a network is measured in various ______.
Performance of a network is measured in various ______.
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The physical layer is responsible for movements of individual bits from one node to the next, dealing with physical characteristics of interfaces and media, as well as the representation of ______.
The physical layer is responsible for movements of individual bits from one node to the next, dealing with physical characteristics of interfaces and media, as well as the representation of ______.
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The data link layer is responsible for moving ______ from one node to the next.
The data link layer is responsible for moving ______ from one node to the next.
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The network layer is responsible for the delivery of individual ______ from the source host to the destination host.
The network layer is responsible for the delivery of individual ______ from the source host to the destination host.
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The transport layer is responsible for the delivery of a ______ from one process to another.
The transport layer is responsible for the delivery of a ______ from one process to another.
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The session layer establishes, maintains and synchronizes the ______ between communicating systems.
The session layer establishes, maintains and synchronizes the ______ between communicating systems.
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The presentation layer is responsible for translation, compression, and ______.
The presentation layer is responsible for translation, compression, and ______.
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The application layer provides services to the ______.
The application layer provides services to the ______.
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In the OSI model, changes in one layer should not require changes in ______ layers.
In the OSI model, changes in one layer should not require changes in ______ layers.
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A ______ is used to filter traffic on the network and minimize collisions.
A ______ is used to filter traffic on the network and minimize collisions.
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Bridges operate at the ______ layer of the OSI model.
Bridges operate at the ______ layer of the OSI model.
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A bridge reads the destination address of a packet to determine if it should ______ or filter it.
A bridge reads the destination address of a packet to determine if it should ______ or filter it.
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When traffic becomes too heavy between segments, a bridge can become a ______.
When traffic becomes too heavy between segments, a bridge can become a ______.
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The ______ Protocol is used to prevent looping within a network topology.
The ______ Protocol is used to prevent looping within a network topology.
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A ______ is a backup route that ensures continuous data flow if the primary path fails.
A ______ is a backup route that ensures continuous data flow if the primary path fails.
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A loop occurs when data circulates along redundant paths, leading to a ______ storm.
A loop occurs when data circulates along redundant paths, leading to a ______ storm.
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In a spanning tree protocol, a ______ Bridge is chosen as the main reference point for the network.
In a spanning tree protocol, a ______ Bridge is chosen as the main reference point for the network.
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Bridges use physical addresses known as ______ to make data forwarding decisions.
Bridges use physical addresses known as ______ to make data forwarding decisions.
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Transmission media is a physical medium through which data is transmitted from one device to another within a ______.
Transmission media is a physical medium through which data is transmitted from one device to another within a ______.
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Conducted or guided media use a ______ such as a wire or fiber optic cable to move the signal.
Conducted or guided media use a ______ such as a wire or fiber optic cable to move the signal.
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______ media use radio waves of different frequencies and do not require a wired connection.
______ media use radio waves of different frequencies and do not require a wired connection.
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Transmission impairments limit the ______ a signal can travel.
Transmission impairments limit the ______ a signal can travel.
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Twisted pair wires consist of two insulated copper wires arranged in a regular ______ pattern.
Twisted pair wires consist of two insulated copper wires arranged in a regular ______ pattern.
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The pair in a shielded twisted pair (STP) is wrapped with ______ foil or braid for insulation.
The pair in a shielded twisted pair (STP) is wrapped with ______ foil or braid for insulation.
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Category 5 UTP cables can achieve data rates of up to ______ mbps.
Category 5 UTP cables can achieve data rates of up to ______ mbps.
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Coaxial cables are used for cable television, LANs, and ______.
Coaxial cables are used for cable television, LANs, and ______.
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For digital signals, repeaters are needed every ______ kilometers.
For digital signals, repeaters are needed every ______ kilometers.
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Fiber optic cables require a light source such as an injection laser diode or ______.
Fiber optic cables require a light source such as an injection laser diode or ______.
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One advantage of fiber optic cables is their ______ to environmental interference.
One advantage of fiber optic cables is their ______ to environmental interference.
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Coaxial cables have a bandwidth of ______ to 600MHz.
Coaxial cables have a bandwidth of ______ to 600MHz.
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A disadvantage of fiber optic cables is that they can be ______ over short distances.
A disadvantage of fiber optic cables is that they can be ______ over short distances.
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Wireless transmission uses ______ for both transmission and reception.
Wireless transmission uses ______ for both transmission and reception.
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Single mode fiber guides light down the center of an extremely narrow ______.
Single mode fiber guides light down the center of an extremely narrow ______.
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Microwave transmission requires an unobstructed line of sight between the source and the ______.
Microwave transmission requires an unobstructed line of sight between the source and the ______.
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Satellite microwave transmission involves a microwave relay station in ______.
Satellite microwave transmission involves a microwave relay station in ______.
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The ______ band is known for experiencing major rain interference.
The ______ band is known for experiencing major rain interference.
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In satellite communication, earth stations send signals to the satellite on an ______.
In satellite communication, earth stations send signals to the satellite on an ______.
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A significant disadvantage of microwave transmission is the requirement for ______ towers and repeaters.
A significant disadvantage of microwave transmission is the requirement for ______ towers and repeaters.
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Geostationary satellites remain above the equator at a height of ______ miles.
Geostationary satellites remain above the equator at a height of ______ miles.
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Optical communication uses ______ rays as a medium for propagation.
Optical communication uses ______ rays as a medium for propagation.
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The first designated satellite transmission band is called the ______ band.
The first designated satellite transmission band is called the ______ band.
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Study Notes
Data Communications
- Data communications is the exchange of data between two devices via a transmission medium like wire cable.
- Communication systems consist of hardware and software components.
- Key characteristics affecting data communication effectiveness include delivery, accuracy, timeliness, and jitter (variation in packet arrival time).
- Components of a data communication system include message, sender, receiver, and transmission medium (e.g., twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable).
Data Representation
- Text is represented as a bit pattern (sequence of 0s and 1s).
- Numbers are also represented by bit patterns.
- Images are composed of pixels (picture elements).
- Pixel size depends on image resolution.
Data Flow
- Simplex: unidirectional data flow (e.g., keyboard to monitor).
- Half-duplex: both devices can transmit but not simultaneously (e.g., walkie-talkies).
- Full-duplex: both devices transmit and receive simultaneously (e.g., telephone networks).
Networks
- A network is a collection of nodes (devices) connected by communication links (e.g., computers, printers).
- Distributed processing is when tasks are distributed among multiple computers.
- Network performance is measured by factors such as number of users, hardware capabilities, transmission medium type, and software efficiency.
- Reliability is determined by failure frequency, recovery time, and robustness.
- Network security is maintained through protecting data from unauthorized access, damage, and losses.
Physical Structures
- A link is a communications pathway for data transfer between devices.
- Point-to-point links provide a dedicated link between two devices.
- Multipoint (multidrop) links share a link between multiple devices (spatially or temporarily).
- Topology: the geometric representation of connections between devices in a network.
- Different topologies exist: Mesh, Star, Bus, Ring, Tree, and Hybrid.
Network Models
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OSI model is a seven-layered architecture for network communication.
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Internet model is a five-layered architecture for network communication.
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Network categories include LANs (local), MANs (metropolitan), and WANs (wide area).
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IP (Internet Protocol) is used for addressing hosts on a network.
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IPV4 and IPV6 are different versions of the Internet Protocol.
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Standards like the OSI model are used for communication in networks.
Protocols and Standards
- Protocols are sets of rules governing data communication.
- Key protocol elements include syntax, semantics, and timing.
- Standards ensure compatibility between network devices.
- Standards organizations like ISO define and implement these protocols.
Transmission Media
- Transmission media is the physical pathway for data transmission in a network (wired or wireless).
- Wired media use physical conductors, while wireless media use radio waves.
- Factors like bandwidth, transmission impairments, and the number of receivers influence transmission capacity.
- Common examples of guided media include twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable.
- Wireless media include radio and infrared.
Error Detection and Correction
- Errors occur if the receiver's information doesn't match the sender's.
- Single-bit errors occur when a single bit is altered during transmission.
- Multiple-bit errors occur when more than one bit is altered.
- Burst errors occur when multiple consecutive bits are altered.
- Error detection methods ensure reliable data transmission (parity check, checksum, CRC).
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Description
Test your knowledge on the key concepts of data communications including characteristics, flow types, and network layers. This quiz covers essential terminology and principles that govern the exchange of data between devices. Challenge yourself and enhance your understanding of how data communication systems operate.
