Data Communication Basics

Data Communication Overview

• Telecommunication refers to communication over distances, involving the exchange of data between devices.
• Data transmission requires accuracy and timeliness to ensure information reaches the correct destination.

Components of Data Communications

• Message: The information to be transmitted, which can be text, numbers, images, audio, or video.
• Sender: The device or computer originating the data, often a modern digital system.
• Receiver: The device or computer that receives the data, which could be a computer, printer, or fax machine.
• Medium: The transmission medium, such as wire cables, telephone lines, or microwaves, connecting the sender and receiver.
• Protocols: The set of rules governing data transmission between sender and receiver for proper communication.

Key Elements of Data Communication

• Delivery: Ensures data is sent to the intended recipient without errors; accuracy is crucial for usability.
• Timeliness: Data must be delivered promptly, especially for real-time audio or video transmissions, to maintain their relevance.

Data Flow Modes

• Simplex: One-way communication where data is sent from sender to receiver without return signals (e.g., radio broadcasting).
• Half Duplex: Two-way communication but cannot send and receive simultaneously; each device takes turns to transmit (e.g., walkie-talkies).
• Full Duplex: Simultaneous two-way communication, allowing faster data transmissions (e.g., telephone conversations).

Networks and Connection Types

• A network consists of interconnected nodes, including devices capable of sending or receiving data.
• Point-to-Point Connection: Direct connection between two devices using a single cable for data exchange.
• Multi-Point Connection: Involves three or more devices sharing a common link for communication.