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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of switching in a network?
What type of switching stores the entire packet before forwarding it?
What is the primary function of routing in a network?
What is the purpose of a subnet mask?
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What type of subnetting uses variable-length subnet masks (VLSM)?
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What type of network threat involves overwhelming a network with traffic to make it unavailable?
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What is the primary benefit of subnetting?
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What type of routing protocol uses cost as a metric?
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What is the primary advantage of full-duplex switching mode?
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Which routing protocol uses hop count to determine the best route?
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What is the primary benefit of using Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)?
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What is the primary function of a firewall in network security?
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What type of switching checks packets for errors before forwarding?
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Which routing protocol is used for routing between autonomous systems?
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What is the primary benefit of using access control lists (ACLs) in network security?
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What is the primary function of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)?
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What type of network threat involves unauthorized access to network resources?
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What is the primary function of Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS)?
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Study Notes
Switching
- Definition: Switching is the process of forwarding data packets between devices on a network.
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Types of Switching:
- Store-and-Forward Switching: The switch stores the entire packet before forwarding it.
- Cut-Through Switching: The switch forwards the packet as soon as the destination address is read.
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Switching Modes:
- Half-Duplex: Data can be sent in both directions, but not at the same time.
- Full-Duplex: Data can be sent in both directions simultaneously.
Routing
- Definition: Routing is the process of determining the best path for forwarding data packets between networks.
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Types of Routing:
- Static Routing: Routes are manually configured by the network administrator.
- Dynamic Routing: Routes are learned automatically through routing protocols.
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Routing Protocols:
- RIP (Routing Information Protocol): Distance-vector protocol that uses hop count as a metric.
- OSPF (Open Shortest Path First): Link-state protocol that uses cost as a metric.
- EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol): Hybrid protocol that uses both distance-vector and link-state methods.
Subnetting
- Definition: Subnetting is the process of dividing a larger network into smaller sub-networks.
- Subnet Mask: A 32-bit mask that determines the scope of a subnet.
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Subnetting Benefits:
- Improved Network Organization
- Increased Security
- Better Network Performance
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Subnetting Calculation:
- Classful Subnetting: Uses default subnet masks.
- Classless Subnetting: Uses variable-length subnet masks (VLSM).
Network Security
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Types of Network Threats:
- Malware: Viruses, worms, Trojans, and spyware.
- Un authorized Access: Hacking, unauthorized login, and access control breaches.
- Denial of Service (DoS): Overwhelming a network with traffic to make it unavailable.
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Network Security Measures:
- Firewalls: Hardware or software that filters incoming and outgoing traffic.
- Encryption: Encrypting data to prevent unauthorized access.
- Access Control: Restricting access to network resources through authentication and authorization.
WAN and LAN
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WAN (Wide Area Network):
- Definition: A network that connects devices over a large geographical area.
- Examples: Internet, VPN, and MPLS networks.
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LAN (Local Area Network):
- Definition: A network that connects devices in a limited geographical area.
- Examples: Home networks, office networks, and campus networks.
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Key differences:
- Geographical scope
- Ownership and management
- **Network size and complexity
Switching
- Switching is the process of forwarding data packets between devices on a network.
- There are two types of switching: Store-and-Forward and Cut-Through.
- Store-and-Forward Switching stores the entire packet before forwarding it.
- Cut-Through Switching forwards the packet as soon as the destination address is read.
- Switching operates in two modes: Half-Duplex and Full-Duplex.
- In Half-Duplex mode, data can be sent in both directions, but not at the same time.
- In Full-Duplex mode, data can be sent in both directions simultaneously.
Routing
- Routing is the process of determining the best path for forwarding data packets between networks.
- There are two types of routing: Static Routing and Dynamic Routing.
- Static Routing involves manually configuring routes by the network administrator.
- Dynamic Routing involves learning routes automatically through routing protocols.
- There are three types of routing protocols: RIP, OSPF, and EIGRP.
- RIP is a distance-vector protocol that uses hop count as a metric.
- OSPF is a link-state protocol that uses cost as a metric.
- EIGRP is a hybrid protocol that uses both distance-vector and link-state methods.
Subnetting
- Subnetting is the process of dividing a larger network into smaller sub-networks.
- A subnet mask is a 32-bit mask that determines the scope of a subnet.
- Subnetting has three benefits: Improved Network Organization, Increased Security, and Better Network Performance.
- There are two methods of subnetting: Classful Subnetting and Classless Subnetting.
- Classful Subnetting uses default subnet masks.
- Classless Subnetting uses variable-length subnet masks (VLSM).
Network Security
- There are three types of network threats: Malware, Unauthorized Access, and Denial of Service (DoS).
- Malware includes viruses, worms, Trojans, and spyware.
- Unauthorized Access includes hacking, unauthorized login, and access control breaches.
- Denial of Service (DoS) involves overwhelming a network with traffic to make it unavailable.
- There are three network security measures: Firewalls, Encryption, and Access Control.
- Firewalls are hardware or software that filters incoming and outgoing traffic.
- Encryption involves encrypting data to prevent unauthorized access.
- Access Control restricts access to network resources through authentication and authorization.
WAN and LAN
- A WAN (Wide Area Network) is a network that connects devices over a large geographical area.
- Examples of WANs include the Internet, VPN, and MPLS networks.
- A LAN (Local Area Network) is a network that connects devices in a limited geographical area.
- Examples of LANs include home networks, office networks, and campus networks.
- The key differences between WANs and LANs are geographical scope, ownership and management, and network size and complexity.
Switching
- Switching: process of forwarding data packets between devices on a network
- Store-and-forward switching: receives entire packet before forwarding, ensuring error-free transmission
- Cut-through switching: forwards packet as soon as destination address is read, reducing latency
- Fragment-free switching: checks packet for errors before forwarding, preventing corrupt data transmission
- Half-duplex switching mode: allows sending and receiving data, but not simultaneously
- Full-duplex switching mode: enables simultaneous sending and receiving of data
- Spanning Tree Protocol (STP): prevents network loops by creating a tree-like structure
- Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP): combines multiple links for increased bandwidth and redundancy
Routing
- Routing: process of forwarding data packets between networks
- Static routing: manually configured routes, often used for small networks
- Dynamic routing: automatically learns and updates routes, suitable for large networks
- Distance-Vector Routing Protocol (RIP): uses hop count to determine best route, with a maximum hop count of 15
- Link-State Routing Protocol (OSPF): uses topology information to determine best route, with faster convergence
- Border Gateway Protocol (BGP): used for routing between autonomous systems, enabling inter-network communication
- Routing tables: store information about networks, including destination addresses, next hops, and metrics
Subnetting
- Subnetting: dividing a larger network into smaller, more manageable sub-networks
- Subnet mask: determines which part of an IP address represents the network and which part represents the host
- Subnetting benefits: improved network organization, reduced network traffic, and increased security
- Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSM): allows for different subnet masks in different subnets, enabling more efficient use of IP addresses
- Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR): uses a single IP address and subnet mask to represent multiple networks, reducing routing table entries
Network Security
- Network security threats: unauthorized access, malware and viruses, DoS and DDoS attacks, data theft, and interception
- Firewalls: block unauthorized access to the network, controlling incoming and outgoing network traffic
- Access Control Lists (ACLs): restrict access to network resources, based on user identity, IP address, or other criteria
- Encryption: protects data in transit, using protocols like SSL/TLS, IPsec, and Kerberos
- Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS): detect and respond to security threats, reducing network vulnerability
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of switching in computer networks, including types of switching and switching modes.