Data Communication and Computer Networking
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Questions and Answers

What is a key advantage of star topology in networking?

  • It connects all devices in a single long line.
  • It requires less cable length than linear topologies.
  • It is the most cost-effective topology available.
  • It allows seamless network access during device addition or removal. (correct)

    • How does a switch function compared to a hub in a network?

  • A switch is slower than a hub in data transmission.
  • A switch efficiently forwards data only to the intended destination device. (correct)
  • A switch forwards data to all outgoing connections while a hub forwards it selectively.
  • A hub processes data packets more intelligently than a switch.

    • In Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), what occurs when transforming an analog signal?

  • The analog signal is transmitted directly without modification.
  • Every aspect of the analog signal is transmitted in real-time.
  • Samples of the signal are taken and used to reconstruct the original signal. (correct)
  • The signal is amplified to increase transmission distance.

    • What is a main disadvantage of using a star topology?

    <p>It can disable all nodes if the central hub fails. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the operation of a hub in a network?

    <p>It forwards incoming data to all outgoing connections simultaneously. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of unguided media is characterized by needing proper alignment of antennas for transmission?

    <p>Microwaves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a characteristic of point-to-point topology?

    <p>Supports large areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property of a network refers to the range of frequencies available for data transmission?

    <p>Bandwidth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of unguided media can penetrate through buildings?

    <p>Radiowaves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does attenuation in signal transmission refer to?

    <p>Loss of signal energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology utilizes infrared waves for communication?

    <p>TV remotes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of point-to-point topology?

    <p>Dependency on a single link (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which signal property refers to nonsensical received signals?

    <p>Noise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary disadvantage of using Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cables?

    <p>Inability to block external interference (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cable is known for eliminating crosstalk and provides better performance at higher data rates?

    <p>Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a significant disadvantage of coaxial cables?

    <p>Single cable failure can disrupt the entire network (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of Optical Fiber Cable over other types of transmission media?

    <p>Immunity to electromagnetic interference (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of media requires no physical medium for the transmission of signals?

    <p>Unguided Media (Wireless) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what mode does coaxial cable imply dedicated bandwidth for transmission?

    <p>Baseband mode (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The installation and maintenance of which transmission medium is generally considered difficult due to its fragility?

    <p>Optical Fiber Cable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transmission medium is primarily used for telephonic applications?

    <p>Unshielded Twisted Pair (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Network Topology

    The arrangement of connections in a computer network.

    Star Topology

    A network where devices connect to a central hub or switch.

    Hub

    A network device that forwards data to all connected devices.

    Switch

    A network device that forwards data only to the intended recipient.

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    Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)

    A method to convert analog signals to digital signals using samples.

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    Unguided Media

    Transmission media that do not use physical cables to carry signals.

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    Radiowaves

    Unguided media that can travel through buildings and don't require aligned antennas.

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    Microwaves

    Unguided media requiring aligned antennas for transmission, used for longer distances.

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    Infrared

    Unguided media used for short-range communication, blocked by obstacles.

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    Network Latency

    The time it takes data to travel from one point to another in a network.

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    Bandwidth

    The range of frequencies a network can transmit.

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    Point-to-Point Topology

    A network topology connecting two devices directly, often with high bandwidth and low latency.

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    Signal Attenuation

    Reduction in signal strength over distance in a medium

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    Twisted Pair Cable Types

    Twisted Pair cables are categorized into Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) and Shielded Twisted Pair (STP).

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    Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

    UTP cables lack a shielding layer, making them susceptible to interference but cost-effective and easy to install for telephone applications.

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    Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)

    STP cables have a shielding layer to prevent external interference, offering better performance and eliminating crosstalk, but they are more expensive and harder to install.

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    Coaxial Cable

    A coaxial cable consists of two parallel conductors with insulated layers, transmitting data in baseband or broadband modes. It's used for cable TVs, digital TV, etc.

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    Optical Fiber Cable

    Optical fiber cables transmit light pulses, offering high capacity, reduced attenuation, and electromagnetic interference immunity but are more complex to install and maintain.

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    Baseband Mode

    A transmission technique where the entire bandwidth of coaxial or other wired channel is dedicated to a single transmission.

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    Broadband Mode

    Dividing a wired channel's bandwidth into separate channels, capable of multiple transmissions.

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    Study Notes

    Data Communication and Computer Networking

    • Data communication is the process of transmitting data between two or more devices over a transmission medium.
    • A communication model involves a source (sender), transmission system, and destination (receiver).
    • A computer network links two or more computers to share resources using a communication medium.
    • Signals are electronic voltage or current that vary with time, used for data transfer.
    • Analog signals are continuous waveforms (e.g., sound, light), while digital signals use discrete values (binary values, 1s and 0s).
    • Signal properties include amplitude, frequency, wavelength, and phase.
    • Propagation speed varies depending on the transmission medium.
    • Analog signals are less adaptable, continuous, and use a wide range of amplitude values, while digital signals are discrete, usually represented by square waves, and more adaptable.
    • Analog wave types are sinusoidal, while digital signals are square waves.
    • Analog signals use wired or wireless transmission mediums, while digital signals primarily use wired ones.
    • Analog signals use positive and negative values, but digital signals are positive.

    Signal Properties

    • Amplitude: The height of the wave, measured in meters.
    • Frequency: The number of complete waves passing a point in one second, measured in Hertz (Hz).
    • Wavelength: The distance between adjacent crests (peaks) of a wave, measured in meters.
    • Phase: The position of a point in time (instant) on a waveform cycle.

    Analog and Digital Signal Characteristics

    • Adaptability: Analog signals are less adjustable than digital ones.
    • Continuity: Analog signals are continuous, while digital signals are discrete.
    • Data type: Analog signals are continuous in nature, while digital signals are discrete.
    • Wave type: Analog signals are sinusoidal, whereas digital signals are square waves.
    • Transmission Medium: Analog signals can use wired or wireless mediums, while digital signals are predominantly wired.
    • Values: Analog signals use positive and negative values, whereas digital signals are positive.

    Signal Conversion

    • Amplitude Modulation (AM): The amplitude of the carrier signal varies according to the amplitude of the modulating signal.
    • Frequency Modulation (FM): The frequency of the carrier signal changes according to the frequency of the modulating signal.
    • Phase Modulation (PM): The phase of the carrier signal is modulated to reflect the changes in voltage of the analog data signal.
    • Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK): The amplitude of the carrier signal is modified to reflect binary data (1s and 0s).
    • Frequency Shift Keying (FSK): The frequency of the carrier signal is modified to reflect binary data.
    • Phase Shift Keying (PSK): The phase of the carrier signal is modified to reflect binary data.

    Signal Encoding Schemes

    • Non-return to Zero Level (NRZ-L): Uses different voltages for 0s and 1s, voltage remains constant during a bit interval.
    • Non-return to Zero Inverted (NRZ-I): A "1" is represented by a transition of the physical level, a "0" has no transition.
    • Manchester Encoding: Voltage changes from low to high or high to low in the middle of the signal.
    • Differential Manchester Encoding: A transition in the middle of the bit interval indicates a "0", no transition indicates a "1".

    Transmission Media

    • Guided Media: Wired transmission media (e.g., Twisted Pair, Coaxial Cable, Optical Fiber Cable).
    • Unguided Media: Wireless transmission media (e.g., Radio Waves, Microwaves, Infrared). -Twisted Pair Cable(UTP,STP) -Coaxial Cable -Optical Fiber Cable

    Network Topologies

    • Star Topology: Each device is connected directly to a central hub or switch.
    • Bus Topology: Devices are connected to a single cable.
    • Ring Topology: Devices are connected in a loop.
    • Tree Topology: Combines characteristics of bus and star topologies.
    • Mesh Topology: Every computer/device is connected to every other.

    Media Access Control (MAC) Protocol

    • ALOHA: A communication system, used in cases where there are many devices/nodes that use a same medium.
    • Slotted ALOHA: A different implementation of a communication system that is used in cases where there are many devices/nodes that use a same medium that have special time slots.
    • Ethernet: A traditional technology for connecting devices in a local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN).

    Internet Protocols

    • Gateway: A router equipped with information that leads to route packets to the destination host.
    • Bridge: Connects two LANs working on the same protocol.
    • Router: A device/service that routes IP packets between networks.
    • Network Address Translation (NAT)/Proxies: Used for translating addresses when connecting to the internet or large corporations.

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    ICT (A/L) Unit 6 - Data Communication and Computer Networking PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamentals of data communication and computer networking in this quiz. Learn about the various signals, the communication model, and the differences between analog and digital signals. Test your knowledge on key concepts that facilitate data transmission across networks.

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