Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which data collection method involves gathering data about the physical and verbal aspects of a task or scenario?
Which data collection method involves gathering data about the physical and verbal aspects of a task or scenario?
What should be defined in the first step of conducting a direct observation?
What should be defined in the first step of conducting a direct observation?
the objective of observation
Structured interviews allow for further discussion beyond the pre-defined questions.
Structured interviews allow for further discussion beyond the pre-defined questions.
False
Open-ended questions allow participants to ____________ on their answers.
Open-ended questions allow participants to ____________ on their answers.
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Match the types of interview questions with their descriptions:
Match the types of interview questions with their descriptions:
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What are the four parts that a questionnaire is comprised of?
What are the four parts that a questionnaire is comprised of?
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What type of questions are included in the participant information section?
What type of questions are included in the participant information section?
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What should each question in the information section of a questionnaire be?
What should each question in the information section of a questionnaire be?
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True or False: Questionnaires should be no longer than two pages according to Wilson and Corlett (1995).
True or False: Questionnaires should be no longer than two pages according to Wilson and Corlett (1995).
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What are the three stages recommended by Wilson and Corlett (1995) for the pilot stage of a questionnaire?
What are the three stages recommended by Wilson and Corlett (1995) for the pilot stage of a questionnaire?
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What are the final steps after distributing and analyzing the questionnaire?
What are the final steps after distributing and analyzing the questionnaire?
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Study Notes
Data Collection Techniques
- Data collection is the process of gathering relevant information to provide a description of a system or activity.
- Data collection methods for human factors practitioners include:
- Observation
- Interview
- Questionnaire
- Simulation
Observation
- Observational method is used to gather data regarding physical and verbal aspects of a task or scenario.
- Types of information that can be elicited from observational methods include:
- Sequence of activities
- Duration of activities
- Frequency of activities
- Fraction of time spent in states
- Spatial movement
- Procedures for conducting a direct observation:
- Step 1: Define the objective of observation
- Step 2: Define the scenario
- Step 3: Prepare observation plan
- Step 4: Run pilot observation
- Step 5: Conduct the observation
- Step 6: Analyse the data
- Step 7: Give feedback to participants
Interview
- Interviews are used to collect a wide variety of data, including:
- System usability
- Individual's perceptions, attitudes, and reactions
- Job analysis
- Cognitive task analysis
- Usability and error-related data
- Types of interviews:
- Structured
- Semi-structured
- Unstructured or open interviews
- Procedures for developing questions and conducting an interview:
- Step 1: Define the interview objective
- Step 2: Develop questions
- Step 3: Perform a pilot or trial run
- Step 4: Redesign interview based on pilot run
- Step 5: Select appropriate participants
- Step 6: Conduct and record the interview
- Step 7: Transcribe the data
- Step 8: Gather the data
- Step 9: Analyse data
Questionnaire
- Questionnaires offer a flexible way of collecting specific data from a large population sample.
- Questionnaires can be used to:
- Evaluate concept and prototypical designs
- Probe user perceptions
- Evaluate existing system designs
- Evaluate system usability or attitudes towards an operational system
- Procedures for developing questionnaire:
- Step 1: Define the objective
- Step 2: Define the population
- Step 3: Construct the questionnaire
- Step 4: Run the pilot study
- Step 5: Distribute the questionnaire
- Step 6: Analyse data
- Step 7: Inform participants of the outcome of the study
Simulation
- Simulation is used to observe performance of individual in a controlled environment.
- Example of study: Virtual environment evaluation for a safety warning effectiveness study.
References
- Kirwan, B., & Ainsworth, L.K. (1992). A Guide to Task Analysis.
- Stanton, N.A., & Young, M.S. (1999). A Guide to Methodology in Ergonomics: Designing for Human Use.
- Stanton, N.A., Salmon, P.M., Walker, G.H., Baber, C., & Jenkins, D.P. (2005). Human Factors Methods: A Practical Guide for Engineering and Design.
- Wilson, J.R., & Corlett, N.E. (1995). Evaluation of Human Work: A Practical Ergonomics Methodology.
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Description
Test your knowledge on various data collection techniques used to identify potential human factors with serious consequences. Learn about observation, interviews, questionnaires, and simulations.
