Human Factors Psychology Flashcards #1

Questions and Answers

What is the Method of Limits?

Color perception determined by wavelength

Different stimuli intensities in random order

Different stimuli intensities in sequential order (correct)

Smallest amount of difference needed to perceive stimuli

What is the Difference Threshold?

Smallest amount of difference needed for a person to perceive two stimuli as different.

What does the Method of Constant Stimuli involve?

Different stimuli intensities in random order (correct)

Different stimuli intensities in sequential order

Smallest difference perception

Measuring brightness in Luminosity

What determines Color Perception?

Wavelength and other psychological factors. Signup and view all the answers

What are Within Subjects experiments?

Using the same participants in each condition Signup and view all the answers

What are Spectral Colors comprised of?

Single wavelength. Signup and view all the answers

What are Non-Spectral Colors?

Colors comprised of more than one wavelength. Signup and view all the answers

Whenever possible, use experimental designs optimizes internal validity.

True Signup and view all the answers

What are Descriptive methods good for?

Obtaining quick info about user characteristics and usability. Signup and view all the answers

What is Learnability?

How easy it is to learn. Signup and view all the answers

Design involves designing new products, modifying existing products, and ________.

designing environments. Signup and view all the answers

How is Lightness physically measured?

In Luminosity. Signup and view all the answers

What is a slip?

A failure that occurs at execution Signup and view all the answers

What is a mistake?

Error in planning Signup and view all the answers

What does a lapse refer to?

Failure to perform an intended action Signup and view all the answers

What is a violation?

Purposely ignore rule or procedure Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by mode error?

Action is appropriate in one system mode but executed in a different mode Signup and view all the answers

What is ergonomics?

The study of designing equipment and devices that fit the human body, its movements, and its cognitive abilities. Signup and view all the answers

What is an error of commission?

Perform inappropriate action Signup and view all the answers

What are human factors?

The science of understanding human capabilities and applying that understanding to design systems and services. Signup and view all the answers

What is a human factor?

A physical or cognitive property of an individual that influences the functioning of technological systems. Signup and view all the answers

What is an error of omission?

Fail to perform an action. Signup and view all the answers

What is an input error?

Information from the sensory and perceptual processes. Signup and view all the answers

What is an output error?

Errors due to the selection and execution of physical responses. Signup and view all the answers

What is mediation error?

Cognitive processes that translate between perception and action. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between recoverable and non-recoverable failure?

Recoverable failure can be corrected and consequences minimized, while non-recoverable failure results in inevitable system failure. Signup and view all the answers

What is successful human factors engineering (HFE)?

Enhances performance, reduces error, increases productivity, increases safety, and improves user satisfaction. Signup and view all the answers

What are affordances?

The relationship between the properties of a physical object and the capabilities of the human that determine how the object could be used. Signup and view all the answers

What are the foundations of science?

Based on empiricism and self-correcting methods. Signup and view all the answers

What are the goals of science?

Description, prediction, and explanation/understanding. Signup and view all the answers

What is reliability?

The consistency of measurements. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law?

The relationship between arousal and performance, stating that there is an optimal level of arousal for best performance. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between stress and decision making?

Under stress, decision making becomes less deliberative, more intuitive, and can vary in risk aversion. Signup and view all the answers

What is external validity?

The extent to which results can be generalized to various settings. Signup and view all the answers

What is ecological validity?

Whether the observed behaviors reflect actual behaviors in a natural setting. Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction time?

The amount of time between an event and a person's response. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Human Factors Psychology Flashcards Overview

Slip: Execution failure, e.g., taking incorrect medication.
Mistake: Planning error, e.g., substituting butter for vegetable oil.
Lapse: Forgotten intended action, e.g., missing email attachment.
Violation: Intentional disregard of rules, e.g., skipping handwashing at work.
Mode Error: Appropriate action in one mode executed in another, e.g., not shifting car from reverse.
Ergonomics: Design study focused on fitting equipment to human body and cognitive abilities.
Error Types:
- Commission: Performing inappropriate actions.
- Omission: Failing to perform necessary actions.
- Input and Output Errors: Issues with sensory input or physical response selection.
- Mediation Error: Cognitive misinterpretation between perception and action.

Human Factors and Performance

Human Factors: Science of human capability application in system design.
Operational Definition: Variables defined by measurement methods to ensure clarity.
Independent/Dependent Variables:
- Independent: Manually adjusted by the researcher.
- Dependent: Measured outcomes sensitive to independent variables.
Reliability: Measurement consistency; includes true effects and random error.
Recoverable vs. Non-Recoverable Failures:
- Recoverable: Errors that can be corrected.
- Non-Recoverable: Inevitable system failures.

Stress and Arousal

Stressors: Factors impacting performance, e.g., environmental or psychological stimuli.
Arousal: Energy level influences performance; optimal arousal varies with task complexity.
Yerkes-Dodson Law: Optimal performance achieved at moderate arousal levels; extremes hinder effectiveness.
Perseveration: Repeating inappropriate responses due to stress.

Memory and Processing

Working Memory: Contains components, including phonological loop and visuo-spatial sketchpad, heavily relies on rehearsal.
Cognitive Stages: Sequence from sensory memory to action stage; involves perception and decision-making.
Data vs. Resource Limited Processing: Describes limitations in sensory information intake or cognitive processing capacity.

Research Methods

Types of Research:
- Descriptive: Observational, exploring systems without control.
- Correlational/Differential: Assesses relationships between variables.
- Experimental: Tests hypotheses through controlled conditions.
Ecological and External Validity: Importance of reflecting real-world behaviors and generalizability of findings.

Design Principles

Affordances: The way an object’s properties suggest its use; informs design.
Successful HFE (Human Factors Engineering): Enhances performance, reduces errors, promotes safety, and boosts user satisfaction.
Design Challenges: Systems need consideration for diverse user capabilities.

Measurement in Psychology

Signal Detection Theory: Assesses perception involving presence or absence of stimuli.
Stevens' Law: Describes relationship between physical intensity and perceived magnitude.

Goals of Human Factors

Safety and Usability: Design systems that align with human cognitive, social, and physical characteristics for error reduction and efficiency enhancement.

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Description

Dive into the essentials of Human Factors Psychology with these flashcards. Understand key terms like slips, mistakes, lapses, and violations, and their implications in real-world scenarios. These concise definitions will enhance your grasp of human error concepts.