Questions and Answers
What is the Method of Limits?
What is the Difference Threshold?
Smallest amount of difference needed for a person to perceive two stimuli as different.
What does the Method of Constant Stimuli involve?
What determines Color Perception?
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What are Within Subjects experiments?
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What are Spectral Colors comprised of?
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What are Non-Spectral Colors?
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Whenever possible, use experimental designs optimizes internal validity.
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What are Descriptive methods good for?
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What is Learnability?
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Design involves designing new products, modifying existing products, and ________.
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How is Lightness physically measured?
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What is a slip?
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What is a mistake?
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What does a lapse refer to?
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What is a violation?
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What is meant by mode error?
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What is ergonomics?
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What is an error of commission?
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What are human factors?
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What is a human factor?
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What is an error of omission?
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What is an input error?
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What is an output error?
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What is mediation error?
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What is the difference between recoverable and non-recoverable failure?
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What is successful human factors engineering (HFE)?
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What are affordances?
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What are the foundations of science?
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What are the goals of science?
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What is reliability?
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What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law?
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What is the relationship between stress and decision making?
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What is external validity?
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What is ecological validity?
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What is the reaction time?
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Study Notes
Human Factors Psychology Flashcards Overview
- Slip: Execution failure, e.g., taking incorrect medication.
- Mistake: Planning error, e.g., substituting butter for vegetable oil.
- Lapse: Forgotten intended action, e.g., missing email attachment.
- Violation: Intentional disregard of rules, e.g., skipping handwashing at work.
- Mode Error: Appropriate action in one mode executed in another, e.g., not shifting car from reverse.
- Ergonomics: Design study focused on fitting equipment to human body and cognitive abilities.
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Error Types:
- Commission: Performing inappropriate actions.
- Omission: Failing to perform necessary actions.
- Input and Output Errors: Issues with sensory input or physical response selection.
- Mediation Error: Cognitive misinterpretation between perception and action.
Human Factors and Performance
- Human Factors: Science of human capability application in system design.
- Operational Definition: Variables defined by measurement methods to ensure clarity.
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Independent/Dependent Variables:
- Independent: Manually adjusted by the researcher.
- Dependent: Measured outcomes sensitive to independent variables.
- Reliability: Measurement consistency; includes true effects and random error.
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Recoverable vs. Non-Recoverable Failures:
- Recoverable: Errors that can be corrected.
- Non-Recoverable: Inevitable system failures.
Stress and Arousal
- Stressors: Factors impacting performance, e.g., environmental or psychological stimuli.
- Arousal: Energy level influences performance; optimal arousal varies with task complexity.
- Yerkes-Dodson Law: Optimal performance achieved at moderate arousal levels; extremes hinder effectiveness.
- Perseveration: Repeating inappropriate responses due to stress.
Memory and Processing
- Working Memory: Contains components, including phonological loop and visuo-spatial sketchpad, heavily relies on rehearsal.
- Cognitive Stages: Sequence from sensory memory to action stage; involves perception and decision-making.
- Data vs. Resource Limited Processing: Describes limitations in sensory information intake or cognitive processing capacity.
Research Methods
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Types of Research:
- Descriptive: Observational, exploring systems without control.
- Correlational/Differential: Assesses relationships between variables.
- Experimental: Tests hypotheses through controlled conditions.
- Ecological and External Validity: Importance of reflecting real-world behaviors and generalizability of findings.
Design Principles
- Affordances: The way an object’s properties suggest its use; informs design.
- Successful HFE (Human Factors Engineering): Enhances performance, reduces errors, promotes safety, and boosts user satisfaction.
- Design Challenges: Systems need consideration for diverse user capabilities.
Measurement in Psychology
- Signal Detection Theory: Assesses perception involving presence or absence of stimuli.
- Stevens' Law: Describes relationship between physical intensity and perceived magnitude.
Goals of Human Factors
- Safety and Usability: Design systems that align with human cognitive, social, and physical characteristics for error reduction and efficiency enhancement.
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Description
Dive into the essentials of Human Factors Psychology with these flashcards. Understand key terms like slips, mistakes, lapses, and violations, and their implications in real-world scenarios. These concise definitions will enhance your grasp of human error concepts.