Podcast
Questions and Answers
Any data corruption can cause loss of the entire ______
Any data corruption can cause loss of the entire ______
archive
Lossy compression is appropriate only for specific ______ cases
Lossy compression is appropriate only for specific ______ cases
use
RAID ______ pairs drives together
RAID ______ pairs drives together
1
A ______ backup is a copy of all files and is typically slow
A ______ backup is a copy of all files and is typically slow
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Incremental backups are faster than ______ backups
Incremental backups are faster than ______ backups
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Data integrity is reduced by ______ compression
Data integrity is reduced by ______ compression
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RAID ______ tolerates drive failure with two parity drives
RAID ______ tolerates drive failure with two parity drives
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Redundant Array of ______ Disks is used for continuous data integrity
Redundant Array of ______ Disks is used for continuous data integrity
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Compression formats used by the graphics industry include TIFF, PNG, GIF (_____), and JPG.
Compression formats used by the graphics industry include TIFF, PNG, GIF (_____), and JPG.
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UniSuper pension fund had a proper ______ backup with a different provider.
UniSuper pension fund had a proper ______ backup with a different provider.
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The near loss of Toy Story 2 highlights the importance of ______ data in the cloud.
The near loss of Toy Story 2 highlights the importance of ______ data in the cloud.
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Data compression is useful in communications because it enables devices to transmit or store the same amount of data in fewer ______.
Data compression is useful in communications because it enables devices to transmit or store the same amount of data in fewer ______.
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Lossless compression formats used by the sound engineering and music industry include ______ and CD:WAV.
Lossless compression formats used by the sound engineering and music industry include ______ and CD:WAV.
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The effect of file compression on data transfer includes reducing the ______ from 16.6 hours to 8.3 hours.
The effect of file compression on data transfer includes reducing the ______ from 16.6 hours to 8.3 hours.
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The UniSuper pension fund's data was restored on ______, 2024, after a backup failure.
The UniSuper pension fund's data was restored on ______, 2024, after a backup failure.
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The principle '______ do not matter. Only RESTORE matters' highlights the importance of data recovery.
The principle '______ do not matter. Only RESTORE matters' highlights the importance of data recovery.
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Having a backup will allow you to recover from lost, broken or stolen ______ hardware.
Having a backup will allow you to recover from lost, broken or stolen ______ hardware.
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You should be in the habit of backing up user created files on your laptop or ______.
You should be in the habit of backing up user created files on your laptop or ______.
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Automatically performed backups are done by continuously running ______ software.
Automatically performed backups are done by continuously running ______ software.
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Manual backups are the least ______ method, but it’s better than no backup at all!
Manual backups are the least ______ method, but it’s better than no backup at all!
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Just having a copy is not a backup, because if the computer is lost or ______, so goes the data!
Just having a copy is not a backup, because if the computer is lost or ______, so goes the data!
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External backups are made to a device which can be disconnected from the ______.
External backups are made to a device which can be disconnected from the ______.
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Network backups are slower for large backups due to cost-effective ______ bandwidth.
Network backups are slower for large backups due to cost-effective ______ bandwidth.
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Having a backup will allow you to recover from your own accidental ______.
Having a backup will allow you to recover from your own accidental ______.
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An archive is a collection of folders and files stored in one file, e.g. filename.______
An archive is a collection of folders and files stored in one file, e.g. filename.______
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Data compression combines: ______
Data compression combines: ______
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Storing a file’s data in less space by minimizing redundancy in the content is known as ______ compression
Storing a file’s data in less space by minimizing redundancy in the content is known as ______ compression
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Tape – Linear Tape-Open drives on-board ______ and encryption
Tape – Linear Tape-Open drives on-board ______ and encryption
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Local OS options to ______ / encrypt local files
Local OS options to ______ / encrypt local files
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All compression software has an ______ option for security
All compression software has an ______ option for security
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VoIP compresses data in ______-time
VoIP compresses data in ______-time
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Data integrity is reduced by ______ compression
Data integrity is reduced by ______ compression
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Backup software uses _______ strategies.
Backup software uses _______ strategies.
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LTO tape or Optical Disc libraries are used as _______ tertiary storage.
LTO tape or Optical Disc libraries are used as _______ tertiary storage.
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Data _______ and Single-instance optimize storage.
Data _______ and Single-instance optimize storage.
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Windows File History and macOS Time Machine are not exactly _______.
Windows File History and macOS Time Machine are not exactly _______.
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A file on one system does not have a 'copy' on other systems, but the same file _______ on all synchronized systems.
A file on one system does not have a 'copy' on other systems, but the same file _______ on all synchronized systems.
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The 3-2-1 Backup Checklist requires _______ copies of data.
The 3-2-1 Backup Checklist requires _______ copies of data.
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For platform independence, a backup should be in _______ different formats/platforms.
For platform independence, a backup should be in _______ different formats/platforms.
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An external drive is platform independent only when not _______ in.
An external drive is platform independent only when not _______ in.
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Study Notes
Servers and Archives
- Archived files must be uncompressed before use, requiring extra space for both compression and decompression.
- Data corruption can cause loss of the entire archive, and even minor corruption can result in loss of solid or multi-volume archives.
- Archive repair is possible but not probable, so it's essential to test archives to confirm integrity.
Why We Need Backups
- Accidental deletion by users or IT people is a common cause of data loss, accounting for 2/3 to 3/4 of all data loss.
- Hardware failure is another significant cause of data loss, as all storage devices will eventually fail.
- Less frequent causes of data loss include catastrophes, account cancellation or accidental closure, and single-point failure of cloud service providers.
Continuous Data Integrity
- Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) ensures continuous data integrity by tolerating drive failure.
- RAID 1 pairs drives, RAID 5 uses +1 parity drive, and RAID 6 uses +2 parity drives, all providing redundant data storage.
- RAID appears as one logical drive space to the OS, excluding parity drives.
Characteristics of a Backup
- A backup is a copy of data in a geographically separate location that is platform-independent.
- Classic file backup strategies include Full, Differential, and Incremental backups.
- Full backup is slow, Differential backup is faster, and Incremental backup is faster than Differential, but restore is slowest.
One-Way Backup to Cloud Cold Storage
- One off-site backup (geographically separate location) is essential, using cloud storage that is different from your cloud service provider.
- Tape/optical media can be used to rotate Full, Differential, and Incremental backups to off-site storage services.
UniSuper Pension Fund Case Study
- UniSuper pension fund, with USD $125 billion and 647,000 members, experienced a near loss of data due to a cloud provider's configuration error.
- Fortunately, the fund had a proper 3-2-1 backup with a different provider, which enabled them to restore services.
The Final Word on Backups
- Backups do not matter; only restore matters.
Effect of File Compression on Data Transfer
- File compression can significantly reduce data transfer time and size.
- For example, compressing a 1MB plain text file to 35% of its original size can reduce transfer time from 16.6 hours to 8.3 hours.
File Compression Formats
- Lossless compression formats include TIFF, PNG, GIF, and FLAC.
- Lossy compression formats include JPG, MP3, AAC, MP4, MPG, and DIVX.
How Compression Works
- Data compression enables devices to transmit or store the same amount of data in fewer bits.
- There are various data compression techniques, but only a few have been standardized.
Enterprise Backup
- Backup software uses Full, Differential, and Incremental strategies.
- Options for file versions/generations and periodic snapshots are available.
- Enterprise OS provides for backup of continuously running systems, and LTO tape or optical disc libraries can be used as nearline tertiary storage.
User Level File Recovery
- Windows File History and macOS Time Machine are not exactly backups, but they can be used for file recovery.
- Automatic copying of files to external or network drives can be used for file recovery.
- However, these methods are not true backups, as they are not geographically separate or platform-independent.
3-2-1 Backup Checklist
- 3 copies: 1 active, 1 local backup, and 1 remote backup.
- 2 different formats/platforms: platform independence.
- 1 off-site backup: having a backup will allow you to recover from lost, broken, or stolen hardware, and from accidental deletions.
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Description
Learn about the importance of data archive management, including space considerations, integrity, and recoverability. Understand the consequences of data corruption and the role of compression and decompression.
