Darwin's Theory of Evolution
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Questions and Answers

Species found on two distant islands with similar environments are more closely related to each other than to species on the nearest mainland.

False

The process of evolution is a theory that lacks empirical evidence and is based on untested hypotheses.

False

In the scientific community, the term 'theory' is equivalent to a hypothesis and lacks empirical evidence.

False

Natural selection is a minor factor in the process of evolution, and its effects are not observable in nature.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The theory of evolution by natural selection is a widely accepted hypothesis that has not been thoroughly tested by experiment and observation.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The fossil record does not provide evidence for the process of evolution, and its significance is widely debated among scientists.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The theory of evolution by natural selection has become dogma in the scientific community.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Darwin's original theory, evolution is a very slow process.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The fossil record shows that dinosaurs originated 150-200 million years ago.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The accumulation of adaptations leads to the formation of new species in a relatively short period of time.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

MRSA developed drug resistance due to the overuse of antibiotics.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The geographic distribution of early dinosaur fossils is expected to be narrow due to their recent origin.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Onymacris unguicularis beetle's headstanding behavior is an example of a vestigial trait.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Descent with modification by natural selection can explain the formation of new species.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Linnaean classification system is based on the principles of evolution.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Phylogenetic trees can be used to study the fossil record of extinct species.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The fossil record provides direct evidence of the evolution of new species.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Natural selection can lead to the extinction of a species.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Birds with large ______ were better able to survive the drought and reproduce successfully.

<p>beaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

Microevolution is defined as a change in ______ frequencies in a population over time.

<p>allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

Natural selection is the only mechanism of ______ evolution, improving the match between organisms and their environment.

<p>adaptive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mutation and sexual reproduction produce the genetic ______ that makes evolution possible.

<p>variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mendel's particulate hypothesis of inheritance stated that parents pass on discrete heritable units (______) that retain their identities in offspring.

<p>genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Three mechanisms can cause ______ frequencies to change: natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow.

<p>allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is the ______, not the individual, that evolves.

<p>population</p> Signup and view all the answers

One common misconception about evolution is that ______ evolve, in a Darwinian sense, during their lifetimes.

<p>organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

The finches with larger, deeper ______ could crack the large seeds and thus were able to survive the food shortage during the drought.

<p>beaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ beak size in the population was larger than before the drought.

<p>average</p> Signup and view all the answers

Finches with large, deep ______ were able to survive the food shortage during the drought.

<p>beaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ population had evolved larger beaks by natural selection.

<p>finch</p> Signup and view all the answers

New mutations can modify ______ frequencies, but the change from generation to generation is very small.

<p>allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mutations can ultimately have a large effect on ______ frequencies when it produces new alleles that strongly influence fitness.

<p>allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

The three mechanisms that directly alter ______ frequencies to bring about evolutionary change are natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow.

<p>allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

Individuals with variations better suited to the environment tend to produce more offspring than those with variations that are less well suited, resulting in ______ selection.

<p>directional</p> Signup and view all the answers

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has an ______ that confers resistance to several insecticides, including DDT.

<p>allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

As a result of ______, alleles are passed on to the next generation in frequencies different from their relative frequencies in the present population.

<p>selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

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