The Jungle by Upton Sinclair Multiple Choice Questions
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Questions and Answers

What was Marija Berczynskas' task at the ceremony?

  • To lead the crowd following the carriages
  • To scold and exhort everyone with her tremendous voice
  • To drive the carriages to the hall
  • To ensure all things went in due form and after the best home traditions (correct)

    • Why did Marija want the coachman to drive faster?

  • She was eager to scold and exhort the coachman
  • She wanted to avoid the crowd following the carriages
  • She needed to reach the church on time
  • She desired to arrive first at the hall (correct)

    • What language did Marija use to express her opinion to the coachman?

  • English and Lithuanian
  • Russian and Lithuanian
  • Polish and English
  • Lithuanian and Polish (correct)

    • What was the result of the altercation between Marija and the coachman?

    <p>Added a new swarm of urchins to the cortege at each side street</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the setting of the wedding feast in Chicago's 'Back of the Yards'?

    <p>A rear-room of a saloon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are the main characters celebrating their wedding feast?

    <p>Ona Lukoszaite and Jurgis Rudkus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the atmosphere of the celebration?

    <p>Charming informality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition of the room where the celebration takes place?

    <p>Small with whitewashed walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adds to the lively atmosphere of the celebration?

    <p>Three musicians toiling heroically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Aunt Elizabeth (Teta Elzbieta) bring to the celebration?

    <p>A platter of stewed duck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What law does the celebration adhere to, ensuring that no one goes hungry?

    <p>The law of veselija</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are invited to join the feast, adding to the lively and inclusive atmosphere?

    <p>Onlookers from the neighborhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall atmosphere of the celebration?

    <p>A mix of joy, chaos, and warmth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mood of Ona, the bride, during the celebration?

    <p>A mix of wonder, happiness, and pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Jurgis, the groom, appear during the festivities?

    <p>Frightened and overwhelmed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is at the head of the room as part of the celebration?

    <p>A snow-white cake with elaborate decorations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of food is NOT mentioned as part of the feast?

    <p>Pizza</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who leads the musicians at the feast?

    <p>Tamoszius Kuszleika</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What instrument does Tamoszius play?

    <p>Violin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the atmosphere filled with at the feast?

    <p>Laughter, shouting, and merriment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Tamoszius' music capture?

    <p>The essence of the guests' lives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the music serve as for the guests?

    <p>An expression of their emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the musicians position themselves in relation to the banquet?

    <p>They edge closer to the banquet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the music described as being for the guests?

    <p>An essential part of their lives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emotions does the music reflect?

    <p>Joy, sorrow, and rebellion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the atmosphere of the feast?

    <p>A mix of joy, chaos, and resilience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Tamoszius' appearance described as?

    <p>Disheveled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the music offer the guests?

    <p>A means to express and release their emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the center of attention at the Lithuanian immigrant wedding celebration?

    <p>Tamoszius Kuszleika, the fiddler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bride, Ona, overwhelmed by at the celebration?

    <p>The festivities and music</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who delivers a moving, original speech at the celebration?

    <p>Grandfather Anthony, a recent immigrant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who offers a speech filled with congratulations and prophecies of happiness for the couple?

    <p>Jokubas Szedvilas, a guest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who leads a passionate performance of a love song at the celebration?

    <p>Marija Berczynskas, a powerful factory worker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general mood of the guests as the banquet winds down?

    <p>Restless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Tamoszius Kuszleika play at the celebration?

    <p>Fiddler leading the revelry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is too excited to eat at the celebration?

    <p>Ona, the bride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is described as struggling with illness at the celebration?

    <p>Grandfather Anthony, a recent immigrant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is described as leading the revelry at the celebration?

    <p>Tamoszius Kuszleika, the fiddler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is described as captivating the room with her voice at the celebration?

    <p>Marija Berczynskas, a powerful factory worker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the emotional state of the bride, Ona, at the celebration?

    <p>Overwhelmed by the festivities and too excited to eat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of dance is most favored at the dance hall?

    <p>Two-step</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is described as proud and beautiful?

    <p>Alena Jasaityte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Mikolas' profession?

    <p>Beef-boner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has caused Mikolas to lose his job?

    <p>Blood-poisoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What time do the characters stand at the doors of packing-houses on bitter winter mornings?

    <p>6 o'clock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the wages of the characters in the beef-boning trade, according to statistics mentioned in the text?

    <p>Forty cents an hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is too fat to dance but stands in the middle of the floor holding each other and grinning?

    <p>Jokubas Szedvilas and his wife, Lucija</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is engaged to Juozas Raczius?

    <p>Alena Jasaityte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main theme highlighted in the story?

    <p>Resilience and hardship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the older people wear reminiscent of their home country?

    <p>Clothing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What language do the young people speak at the dance hall?

    <p>English</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Jadvyga's emotional state while dancing with Mikolas?

    <p>Sick at heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Jurgis' attitude towards work and his physical abilities?

    <p>He believes he can earn more money and work harder due to his youth and strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Jurgis behave when given instructions or when waiting for work?

    <p>He follows instructions promptly and is impatient when waiting for work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Jurgis' physical appearance and energy level contribute to his characterization?

    <p>He is described as young, energetic, and having an overflow of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Jurgis' behavior lead to an important opportunity for him in the story?

    <p>He is noticed by the bosses for his promptness and energy, leading to an important opportunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivated Jurgis to go to America?

    <p>To find better job opportunities and marry Ona</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did Jurgis meet Ona?

    <p>At a horse-fair a hundred miles from home</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Jurgis's occupation while working in Smolensk?

    <p>Railroad worker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who did Jurgis sell himself to in order to work in America?

    <p>A contractor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the financial situation of Ona's family after her father's death?

    <p>They faced financial trouble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is Jurgis from in Lithuania?

    <p>Brelovicz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many adults and children were in the party traveling to America?

    <p>Five adults and six children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Marija Berczynskas' experience before joining the party to America?

    <p>She was regularly mistreated by a rich farmer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Jurgis try to do before deciding to go to America?

    <p>Buy Ona from her father</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Jurgis saving money for while working in Smolensk?

    <p>To marry Ona and make a better life in America</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the rural area in Lithuania where Jurgis comes from?

    <p>Brelovicz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason for Jurgis's decision to go to America?

    <p>To earn money and marry Ona</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition of the streets in Packingtown?

    <p>Filled with mountains, valleys, rivers, and ditches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the area of Packingtown made of?

    <p>Land created by using it as a dumping ground for city garbage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of employment in Packingtown?

    <p>Packingtown represents human energy, employment for thousands, opportunity, and freedom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Jurgis' initial plan when he goes to Packingtown?

    <p>To find a job the next day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is Jokubas and how does he help Jurgis?

    <p>A delicatessen vender who has acquaintances, including a special policeman employed by Durham, who can help get men employment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Jurgis feel when he is quickly noticed and given a job at Brown's?

    <p>Ecstatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the sunset transform the sordid scene of Packingtown into?

    <p>A vision of power, with the line of buildings and great chimneys standing out against the sky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the children do in the great hole where garbage wagons dump?

    <p>Rake through the garbage from dawn till dark</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the brickyard in Packingtown?

    <p>First takes out soil to make bricks and then fills the area with garbage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the debate among residents regarding the children in Packingtown?

    <p>Whether the children eat the food they find or collect it for chickens at home</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the special policeman employed by Durham in Packingtown?

    <p>To help get men employment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the ice in the great hole in Packingtown during winter?

    <p>It is cut and sold to the city</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the immigrants' reaction to the overwhelming odor at the stockyards?

    <p>They were intrigued by it and wanted to explore its source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the immigrants' initial impression of the stockyards' surroundings in Chicago?

    <p>Desolate and industrial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevented the immigrants from further exploring the stockyards?

    <p>Time constraints and police presence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text emphasize about the immigrants' experience in Chicago's stockyards?

    <p>Their sense of bewilderment and helplessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the immigrants struggle with in New York and Chicago?

    <p>Understanding the local customs and laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributed to the sensory overload experienced by the immigrants at the stockyards?

    <p>The overwhelming odor and elemental sound of animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the immigrants' reaction to the industrial landscape of Chicago?

    <p>They were struck by it and found it desolate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the immigrants' impression of the atmosphere created by the tall chimneys emitting thick, black smoke at the stockyards?

    <p>Surreal and overwhelming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the immigrants' reaction to the elemental sound of thousands of animals at the stockyards?

    <p>It added to the sensory overload of their experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the text convey about the immigrants' vulnerability and agency?

    <p>They were vulnerable and lacked agency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the vivid descriptions of the landscape, odor, and soundscape provide in the text?

    <p>A sensory insight into the immigrants' disorienting experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the immigrants' impression of the stockyards' surroundings upon their arrival?

    <p>Overwhelming and desolate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What harsh realities are highlighted in the text?

    <p>Exploitation, poverty, and squalid living conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who becomes a valuable friend and guide to the struggling immigrant family?

    <p>Jokubas Szedvilas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the family to face starvation?

    <p>Exorbitant prices demanded by the railroad for food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who runs the boarding-house where the family is offered a room to share?

    <p>Mrs. Jukniene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition of the boarding-house where the family stays?

    <p>Overcrowded, infested with vermin, and squalid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Mrs. Jukniene allow to roam freely in the rooms to control vermin?

    <p>Chickens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the family's only choice regarding the squalid living conditions?

    <p>Accept the squalid living conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who plans to secure a job to improve the family's situation?

    <p>Jurgis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the family members find in the district they explore?

    <p>Dreary two-story frame houses and neglected spaces overrun by weeds and litter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text mirror through the experiences of the immigrant family?

    <p>The struggles of many immigrants in early 20th century America</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shattered the family's dreams of wealth in America?

    <p>The high cost of living and being cheated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What success has Jokubas Szedvilas found in America?

    <p>As a delicatessen owner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was Jurgis at a loss to understand the living conditions of the people in the district?

    <p>He couldn't comprehend why people with decent wages would live in such a way.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What job was Marija instructed to learn?

    <p>Can-painter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were the houses considered 'wonderful bargains'?

    <p>The company building them was going out of business.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the agent emphasize as the reason for being able to offer the 'wonderful no-rent plan'?

    <p>He had no personal interest in the sale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much does Jurgis earn daily at Brown's?

    <p>$1.75</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total monthly expense for Marija and Jonas for board?

    <p>$32</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cost of furnishing a home offered in an advertisement?

    <p>$75</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much does Jurgis contribute monthly towards the house?

    <p>$8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does Jurgis make multiple trips to carry belongings to their new home?

    <p>To avoid being arrested for moving without permission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How far did the family walk to inspect the house?

    <p>1.5 miles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis plan to repurpose into furniture for the bedrooms?

    <p>Packing boxes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of house did the agent show the family?

    <p>New, smaller house than expected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What brings joy to the family once the house is furnished?

    <p>The sense of achievement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Szedvilas discourage the family from doing?

    <p>Buying the house</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Ona and Marija take delight in despite minimal funds?

    <p>Fixing up the house</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevents the family from asking many questions to the agent?

    <p>Agent's incessant talking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What becomes an adventure for Ona and Jurgis?

    <p>Shopping for necessary items</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the family consider doing with the unfinished attic in the house?

    <p>Renting it out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the family discuss and plan regarding the newly purchased items?

    <p>Where to display them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the agent insist about the other houses in the row?

    <p>Purchasers will move in soon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the couple find in their new home despite financial struggles?

    <p>Happiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the family's reaction to the agent's enthusiastic description of the house?

    <p>Hesitates to make a decision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the family excited to have delivered to their new home?

    <p>Furniture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the agent's language proficiency that impresses the family?

    <p>Fluently speaking their language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the advertisements in Packingtown offer?

    <p>Remedies and products for various problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the family struggle to agree on?

    <p>Whether to buy the house</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are the family's funds low?

    <p>They had to pay off debts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cost of the home furnishing offered in the advertisement?

    <p>$75</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the family initially intend to do with the house they had seen?

    <p>Purchase it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who did the family entrust with the purchase process of the house?

    <p>The women and Szedvilas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Szedvilas realize upon reading the deed of the house?

    <p>It was a rental agreement for 8 years and 4 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the family feel panicked and dismayed after learning about the nature of the agreement?

    <p>They were expecting to purchase the house</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Elzbieta insist on doing after discovering the nature of the agreement?

    <p>Getting a lawyer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the family feel after the lawyer confirmed the regularity of the deed and the price?

    <p>Defeated and trapped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who did Jurgis entrust with the purchase process of the house?

    <p>The women and Szedvilas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the family hide in Teta Elzbieta's dress before setting out with Szedvilas?

    <p>The money</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the agent explain about the property's usual arrangement?

    <p>Renting is the usual arrangement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the lawyer confirm after reading the deed?

    <p>The regularity of the deed and the price</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who did the family feel trapped by after finding a lawyer?

    <p>The lawyer who knew the agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Jurgis take responsibility for the decision to rent a house?

    <p>To provide a home for his family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the total cost of the home that Szedvilas was informed about?

    <p>$1500</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much was the down payment for the home?

    <p>$300</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the monthly installments for the home?

    <p>$12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the lawyer's reassurance to Szedvilas regarding the purchase?

    <p>The sale is legitimate and there are no tricks involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the rental agreement considered until the final payment was made?

    <p>A formality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Jurgis react upon hearing the story about the home purchase?

    <p>He believed they had been swindled and vowed to seek revenge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the family's initial reaction to Jurgis rushing home to share the news of the purchase?

    <p>They were in an uproar, believing he went to murder the agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the family's primary focus after the purchase?

    <p>Thinking about and preparing for the move</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the lawyer confirm about the purchase after Jurgis consulted another lawyer?

    <p>The legitimacy of the purchase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the family's emotional state upon learning about the purchase?

    <p>Relieved and excited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the family believe Jurgis went to do after paying the lawyer without hesitation?

    <p>Murder the agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did little Stanislovas conceive a terror of the cold?

    <p>His coworker's ears got frozen and broken</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the reason for Stanislovas' reluctance to go to work in the morning?

    <p>He developed a fear of the cold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did little Stanislovas overcome his fear of going to work?

    <p>He was arranged to go with Jurgis and come home with him</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did some children not ride in the cars to the yards?

    <p>They did not want to spend their meager wages on the fare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Marija's occupation before the canning factory shutdown?

    <p>Sewing machine operator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the average daily earnings of Jurgis during the difficult times?

    <p>Thirty-five cents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the average weekly earnings of Jurgis despite long hours of work?

    <p>Six dollars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main source of income for Marija?

    <p>Canning factory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the reason for Marija's rejection when she tried to find work in other establishments?

    <p>Industry-wide shutdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the buyers' actions on the workers?

    <p>Left the workers in a vulnerable position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the reduced working hours affect the men working on the killing-beds?

    <p>Left them waiting in freezing temperatures with little to no work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the workers' struggle due to factory shutdowns and reduced working hours?

    <p>Significant hardships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Tamoszius and Marija plan to do after declaring their love?

    <p>Marry and live together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the workers being at the mercy of the cattle?

    <p>Sometimes had to work late into the night without a break for supper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the reason for the men's reduced working hours in the meatpacking industry?

    <p>The packers started running for shorter hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Marija's struggle after the canning factory shutdown?

    <p>Struggled to find work in other canning establishments, stores, and saloons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the family's source of rare relaxation from their toil and poverty in Packingtown?

    <p>Listening to Tamoszius's music on Saturday nights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What brings tears to Teta Elzbieta's eyes in the text?

    <p>Tamoszius's music</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Marija's involvement with Tamoszius bring to the family?

    <p>New personalities and stories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the family's limited social circle lead to?

    <p>Gossip about acquaintances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the family find solace in despite their hardships?

    <p>The little they have</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Marija benefit from in her friendship with Tamoszius?

    <p>Access to parties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Marija's presence restricted to at the parties?

    <p>The refreshment table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Tamoszius play?

    <p>Violin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition of the house the family lives in?

    <p>Dilapidated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What becomes a living presence in the family's room?

    <p>Cold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sprouts in the family's hearts during the deadly winter?

    <p>Germ of hope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Teta Elzbieta and her children suffer from in the cold?

    <p>Frightful cold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the workers use to combat the freezing conditions in Packingtown?

    <p>Newspapers and old sacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did the workers have to go to get a warm meal in Packingtown?

    <p>Saloons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were the workers expected to drink in the saloons of Packingtown?

    <p>Culture of obligatory drinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How were the packers paid, further perpetuating the drinking culture?

    <p>In checks, forcing them to cash their checks in saloons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Jurgis gain a reputation as a surly fellow and become unwelcome in the saloons?

    <p>He only took one drink at noontime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Jurgis do after work to help his family in Packingtown?

    <p>Trudged through snowdrifts with a bag of coal upon his shoulder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the condition of the family's home in Packingtown?

    <p>Not very attractive, with only one small stove</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the workers believe they were getting by taking only one drink in the saloons?

    <p>A good hot dinner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the workers' only respite in Packingtown?

    <p>The steaming hot carcass of the steer or hot-water jets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the workers resort to in order to combat the extreme cold in Packingtown?

    <p>Tying up their feet in newspapers and old sacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the workers' only option for getting a warm meal in Packingtown?

    <p>Rushing to the numerous saloons in the area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the workers use to keep warm in the absence of proper protection in Packingtown?

    <p>The steaming hot carcass of the steer or hot-water jets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Jurgis do to stand against the packers' unfair treatment of workers?

    <p>Joined the butcher-helpers' union</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the rule regarding the killing of cattle in the packing industry?

    <p>All cattle must be killed the same day they were bought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to Marija's disillusionment and frustration after joining the union?

    <p>Her canning factory closed down just ten days after</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of arriving late due to blocked roads with snow in the packing industry?

    <p>Packers took advantage by buying cattle at night to get them cheaper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the killing-beds rule stipulate regarding punctuality?

    <p>Docked a man an hour if he was one minute late</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the size of the companies' effect on workers' payment in the packing industry?

    <p>Allowed them to cheat with impunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the nature of the struggle between the bosses and the men in the packing industry?

    <p>The former trying to rush a job and the latter trying to stretch it out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did men joke about doing 'for the church' when working for the church missions of old man Jones in the packing industry?

    <p>Disreputable jobs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the effect of the packers being frightened for their lives on the workers in the packing industry?

    <p>Led to the exploitation of workers in dangerous situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of Marija's passionate speech at a union meeting in the packing industry?

    <p>Reflected the workers' general sense of unfairness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Jurgis feel the need to do after experiencing the unfair treatment in the packing industry?

    <p>Fight for his rights and join the butcher-helpers' union</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Marija's job at the canning-factory before she got a job as a 'beef-trimmer'?

    <p>Trimming the meat of diseased cattle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Marija lose interest in the union and stop paying her dues?

    <p>She lost all interest in the union and cursed herself for being dragged into one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the boss discharge a man and put Marija to do his work as a 'beef-trimmer'?

    <p>He saw that she had the muscles of a man</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where was Marija situated while working at the canning-factory?

    <p>In a room where people seldom saw the daylight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caused the panic at the bank?

    <p>A policeman attempting to arrest a drunken man</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of Jurgis and Ona's bank account activity?

    <p>They made a net profit from election day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What brought fear as winter approached?

    <p>Unpreparedness for the winter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did Jurgis face a fierce struggle?

    <p>During a blizzard while carrying Ona and the little boy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the challenges Jurgis faced in the meatpacking plant mainly characterized by?

    <p>Long hours and dangerous situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did a time of peril occur on the killing-beds?

    <p>When a steer broke loose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cruel and unforeseen trap did Jurgis fall into at the plant?

    <p>Injuring his ankle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What made Jurgis finally stop working despite the pain in his ankle?

    <p>Being beaten and having to tell the boss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the challenges and struggles Jurgis faced reflect?

    <p>The harsh reality of life in Packingtown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text depict about the living and working conditions in Packingtown?

    <p>The harsh living and working conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text highlight about the struggles endured by Jurgis?

    <p>The relentless physical and emotional struggles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the workers' only respite in Packingtown?

    <p>A saloon at the corner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Marija's job in Packingtown?

    <p>Trimming beef off the bones in damp conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Ona's discovery about her forelady, Miss Henderson?

    <p>Miss Henderson discriminates and is a kept woman with a temper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event makes Jurgis irrevocably a family man?

    <p>The birth of Ona's big baby boy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of Miss Henderson's influence in her department?

    <p>Causing tension and fear among the workers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of talebearers and toadies on Ona's life?

    <p>Targeted and tormented, making her life miserable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Tamoszius' music represent?

    <p>The unborn generations crying out for life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary description of Packingtown?

    <p>A low-class, foreign population on the verge of starvation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What captivates Jurgis despite his previous disinterest?

    <p>The resemblance of the baby to himself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of Packingtown on the workers?

    <p>Tension and fear due to immoral influences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the immigrants' limited social circle?

    <p>Increased isolation and loneliness in their new environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary struggle faced by the population in Packingtown?

    <p>Being on the verge of starvation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary sentiment expressed by Tamoszius' music?

    <p>Representation of the unborn generations crying out for life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does the constant speeding-up of work have on the workers in Packingtown?

    <p>It leads to increasingly harsh working conditions and reduced time for the same work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the workers' response to a drastic cut in their earnings in the canning-factory?

    <p>They organize a strike</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevents the workers from adequately preparing for a strike in Packingtown?

    <p>The packers hire new workers every week, keeping them poor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the strike organized by the canning-factory workers?

    <p>It doesn't last long, as new labor rushes in to replace the striking workers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate result of the workers' struggles and exploitation in Packingtown?

    <p>The formation of a new union</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the implementation of piece-work affect the workers in Packingtown?

    <p>It reduces the time for the same work and pays the same wages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are many women in Packingtown unable to afford proper treatment for their health issues?

    <p>They make very little money and struggle to cover basic expenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does the hiring of new workers every week have on the workers' financial situation in Packingtown?

    <p>It keeps them poor and prevents them from preparing for a strike</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the workers' main source of discontent with their working conditions in Packingtown?

    <p>The increasingly harsh working conditions and reduced wages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivates the canning-factory workers to organize a strike?

    <p>A drastic cut in their earnings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does the reduced earnings have on the workers in the canning-factory?

    <p>It leads to the organization of a strike</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary controlling entity in Packingtown, setting the wages and efficiency standards for all workers in the yards?

    <p>The Beef Trust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Marija, the skilled beef-trimmer, do with her savings?

    <p>Puts money in a bank account</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Marija do to secure her money during the 'run on the bank'?

    <p>Sew the money into her clothes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis do to help the crowd waiting at the bank?

    <p>Brings food and dry wraps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Marija's reaction to the bank's refusal to accept more deposits from those who took part in the run?

    <p>Fear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What intensifies the chaos at the bank the next morning?

    <p>The presence of more policemen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Marija fear after retrieving her money from the bank?

    <p>Being robbed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Marija witness in front of the bank, leading to her fear for her money?

    <p>A crowd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Marija manage to retrieve her money in from the bank?

    <p>Big silver dollars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of anxiety for Marija regarding her money?

    <p>Robbery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text primarily highlight about the characters in Packingtown?

    <p>Their financial struggles and anxieties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What entity is revealed to be controlling the wages and efficiency standards for all workers in the yards?

    <p>The Beef Trust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis find to be an unthinkable extravagance?

    <p>Paying for a drink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Jurgis' initial reaction after drinking up all the money in his pockets?

    <p>He was happier than he had been in a year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis feel when he sees the despair of his family and reckons up the money he had spent?

    <p>Tears come into his eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis feel merely walking down the street in his state of misery and despair?

    <p>To be put upon the rack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Ona's deteriorating health?

    <p>Her demanding work and pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Jurgis' emotional state as he feels trapped in his marriage?

    <p>Resentful and regretful</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for Antanas, their child, not receiving proper care?

    <p>The family's financial struggles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis blame for Ona's suffering?

    <p>Her work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the single men in the fertilizer-mill being desperate to escape?

    <p>Feeling trapped in their circumstances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Ona experience in addition to nervousness and headaches?

    <p>Fits of weeping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Jurgis' initial reaction to Ona's deteriorating health?

    <p>Blaming her work and regretting marrying her</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Ona promise regarding the struggles?

    <p>They won't happen again</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis develop a fondness for towards Ona?

    <p>Ona</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary emotion Jurgis feels towards his craving for liquor?

    <p>Shame</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the workers' response to a drastic cut in their earnings in the canning-factory?

    <p>They protest and demand better wages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text convey about the immigrants' vulnerability and agency?

    <p>They are vulnerable due to exploitation but demonstrate agency in seeking change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary emotion exhibited by Ona during the confrontation with Jurgis?

    <p>Sadness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who attempts to intervene in the confrontation between Jurgis and Ona?

    <p>Teta Elzbieta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Jurgis' reaction to Ona's emotional distress?

    <p>He becomes increasingly aggressive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the scene end?

    <p>Ona collapses at Jurgis' feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tone of the passage regarding Jurgis and Ona's relationship?

    <p>Contentious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis accuse Ona of during their confrontation?

    <p>Deceit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reaction of Jurgis towards Ona's emotional turmoil?

    <p>Indifference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Ona respond to Jurgis' accusations?

    <p>She becomes apologetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is alarmed by the escalating situation between Jurgis and Ona?

    <p>Teta Elzbieta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis do to Teta Elzbieta in the midst of the confrontation?

    <p>He forcefully removes her from the room</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the state of Ona's mental and emotional health during the confrontation?

    <p>Fragile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Jurgis' demeanor towards Ona's suffering?

    <p>Indifferent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis' occupation entail in the text?

    <p>Working long hours in the packing plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does Jurgis set out into the bitter cold and snow?

    <p>To find his wife, Ona</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the reason for Ona's absence and her state of mind?

    <p>She was unable to get home due to the snow and had to stay with a friend, Jadvyga</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Jurgis' emotional state while waiting for Ona?

    <p>Anxious and fearful</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text describe Ona when she finally emerges from the snow-mist?

    <p>Sobbing and trembling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern for Jurgis as the family works long hours in the packing plant?

    <p>The women's safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes Jurgis' emotional state when he falls asleep waiting for the women to come home?

    <p>Anxious and worried</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text convey about Ona's emotional state during the crises?

    <p>Desperate and hunted, experiencing anguish and despair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to Jurgis' increasing fear and distrust?

    <p>The crises he faces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the family's main source of income in the text?

    <p>Working 15-16 hours a day in the packing plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main struggle faced by Jurgis in the text?

    <p>Surviving the harsh working conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes Jurgis' emotional state while working in Packingtown?

    <p>Frightened and distrustful</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Jurgis initially dismissive about regarding Ona's absence?

    <p>Assuming Ona might have gone home with Jadvyga</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does Jurgis feel perplexed and alarmed?

    <p>Jadvyga denies Ona spending the night at her place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis suspect the workers and a man of during his visit to Ona's workplace?

    <p>Exchanging suspicious glances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does Jurgis spend the morning, neglecting his own work, during the search for Ona?

    <p>At Ona's workplace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text primarily portray about Jurgis' experience due to Ona's unexplained disappearance?

    <p>Emotional turmoil and distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of the disappearance on Jurgis as highlighted in the story?

    <p>Desperation to find answers about Ona's whereabouts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Jurgis' reaction to Ona's deception and lies?

    <p>Overwhelmed with a sense of impending calamity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis do after finding out Ona's absence on a snowy night?

    <p>Goes to Jadvyga's house to find Ona</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis suspect the workers and a man of during his visit to Ona's workplace?

    <p>Exchanging suspicious glances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first action Jurgis takes after Ona's unexplained disappearance?

    <p>Goes to Jadvyga's house to find Ona</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the emotional state of Jurgis due to Ona's unexplained disappearance?

    <p>Overwhelmed with a sense of impending calamity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the story regarding Jurgis and Ona's situation?

    <p>The impact of the disappearance on Jurgis and his desperation to find answers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has happened to Jurgis and Ona's house?

    <p>It has been lost, leaving them back where they started</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis realize about himself through the whole long course of events?

    <p>He was the victim of ravenous vultures that had torn into his vitals and devoured him</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What had Jurgis and Ona cast into the fight?

    <p>Their all</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the trap that Jurgis fell into regarding the property payments?

    <p>The trap of the extra payments, the interest, and all the other charges that they had not the means to pay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Madame Haupt offer Jurgis to help save his wife and baby?

    <p>A cooking-fork and eventually five dollars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Madame Haupt finally agree to go with Jurgis for?

    <p>A dollar and a quarter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Madame Haupt do upon arrival at the house where Ona is?

    <p>Removes her bonnet, rubs goose-grease on her hands, and complains about the conditions of the house</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does Jurgis head to after Madame Haupt goes to help his wife and baby?

    <p>A saloon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis reveal to the saloon-keeper?

    <p>He has just been released from jail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weather like as Jurgis heads into the saloon?

    <p>Cold and the slush freezes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Madame Haupt demand for her midwifery services?

    <p>$25</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much money does Jurgis have when he approaches Madame Haupt?

    <p>A dollar and a quarter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Madame Haupt finally agree to accept for her services?

    <p>$10 immediately and the rest next month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis insist he has when Madame Haupt questions why he has so little money?

    <p>Nothing and no one to borrow from</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Aniele offer Jurgis when he is desperate for help?

    <p>34 cents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis rush to find when his wife is in labor and in distress?

    <p>Help</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does Madame Haupt suggest borrowing or selling something to Jurgis?

    <p>To help him in his desperate situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the other women contribute to help Jurgis when he is in desperate need?

    <p>Their small amounts of money</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Jurgis willing to do to earn money for assistance?

    <p>Work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Marija's explanation for their lack of money and struggle to survive?

    <p>They have been struggling to survive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for Jurgis' desperation and race against time?

    <p>To save his wife in labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Madame Haupt question when Jurgis explains his desperate situation?

    <p>Why he has so little money</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the saloon-keeper do after giving Jurgis whiskey and food?

    <p>Locks Jurgis in the cellar for the night</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is revealed to be the cause of Ona's death?

    <p>Lack of medical attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the saloon scene provide for Jurgis, contrasting with the tragedy that follows?

    <p>A moment of brief relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text highlight about the characters in the story?

    <p>They represent the struggles of the working class and the indifference of those in power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text emphasize about the lack of access to healthcare?

    <p>It led to Ona's death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is evident about Jurgis' emotional state after finding his wife dead?

    <p>Desperation and helplessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the atmosphere portrayed in the story?

    <p>Bleakness and hopelessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Madame Haupt demand despite the tragic circumstances?

    <p>Food and payment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text portray the working-class in early 20th century Chicago?

    <p>It portrays the harsh realities faced by the working-class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the story?

    <p>The lack of access to healthcare and exploitation of the poor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text reveal about Jurgis' experience in the saloon?

    <p>It provides a moment of brief relief for Jurgis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main theme highlighted in the story?

    <p>The struggles of the working class and the indifference of those in power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the family's helplessness and desperation?

    <p>The lack of medical resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distresses Jurgis and the women the most during Ona's unexpected childbirth?

    <p>Ona's agonizing screams and pleas for death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives Jurgis out into the rain during the family crisis?

    <p>His inability to control his emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best demonstrates the family's vulnerability and powerlessness during the crisis?

    <p>Jurgis's frantic pacing in the rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for Jurgis's inability to cope with the crisis?

    <p>The family's desperation and helplessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What torments Jurgis during the family crisis?

    <p>Ona's suffering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most distressing aspect of the family's situation during the crisis?

    <p>The inability to seek medical help due to lack of money</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for Jurgis's frantic behavior during the crisis?

    <p>The unexpected childbirth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes the most to the family's vulnerability and desperation during the crisis?

    <p>The lack of money for medical help</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Jurgis's inability to bear the situation during the crisis?

    <p>Ona's unexpected childbirth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most distressing consequence of the family's lack of resources during the crisis?

    <p>The inability to seek medical help</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes the most to the family's powerlessness and vulnerability during the crisis?

    <p>The lack of money for medical help</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the cost of Jurgis' tenement-room per week?

    <p>One dollar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much time did Jurgis work on weekdays?

    <p>8 hours and 30 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Jurgis consider buying an overcoat?

    <p>To protect himself from the cold while working underground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did Jurgis spend his evenings?

    <p>Bar-room</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the young man's demeanor towards Jurgis during the encounter?

    <p>Sympathetic and friendly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the young man repeatedly invite Jurgis to do?

    <p>Visit his home</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the young man express a desire to do with Jurgis?

    <p>Have a lively evening, drinks, and enjoy themselves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Jurgis feel throughout the encounter with the young man?

    <p>Wary and nervous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text leave uncertain about the outcome of the encounter?

    <p>Whether Jurgis accepts the young man's invitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the young man mention about his family's absence?

    <p>They are wealthy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the young man reveal about his own struggles?

    <p>He has a broken arm and lacks money</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the young man's behavior alternate during the encounter?

    <p>Between moments of melancholy and attempts at jocularity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the young man share about his girlfriend, Kitty?

    <p>She urged him to call a cab for Jurgis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the young man lament during the encounter?

    <p>The loneliness and lack of freedom imposed by his family's rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the young man emphasize about their circumstances?

    <p>Their shared difficult circumstances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the young man express a desire to have with Jurgis during the encounter?

    <p>A lively evening with drinks and enjoyment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis spend to keep shelter over him for a day?

    <p>Four nickels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does Jurgis try to stay in the 'Lêvée' district?

    <p>At a saloon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the saloon-keeper allow forlorn-looking individuals to sit by the fire?

    <p>To attract customers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis find out about offering shelter and warmth for hoboes?

    <p>A religious revival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis feel the preacher is out of touch with?

    <p>The struggles of hungry men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the city's hiding places crowded due to?

    <p>Economic situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Jurgis among the crowd fighting to get at the station-house?

    <p>Shelter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the bartender who knows Jurgis allow him to do until the boss returns?

    <p>Sleep at a table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the saloon-keeper in debt to that leads to allowing individuals to sit by the fire?

    <p>Big brewers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preacher talking about at the crowded shelter?

    <p>Sin and redemption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the country on the verge of, according to the text?

    <p>Hard times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis hope to be allowed to remain as in the 'Lêvée' district?

    <p>A sitter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis resort to after being left with no money?

    <p>Begging on the streets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Jurgis unsuccessful as a beggar?

    <p>Competition from professional and organized beggars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the city's professional mendicants have that surprises Jurgis?

    <p>Comfortable lives and families</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the police house the rounded up beggars?

    <p>Detention Hospital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Jurgis perceive the world around him?

    <p>As a place where might is right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who does Jurgis feel persecuted by?

    <p>Police, saloon-keepers, and indifferent crowds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Jurgis feel about his place in society?

    <p>Alienated and rejected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emotions consume Jurgis as he struggles to survive?

    <p>Bitterness and despair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text highlight about Jurgis's battle for survival?

    <p>Desperation in a society determined to see him fail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis strategically utilize the nearby saloon for?

    <p>Warmth and comfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does Jurgis constantly need to find money for lodging and drinks?

    <p>To avoid freezing to death in the cold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis see as the primary characteristic of the society he lives in?

    <p>Hostile and unforgiving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Jurgis' primary source of solace in his homeless and affection-deprived state?

    <p>The camaraderie of vice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unwritten law that forces Jurgis to keep buying drinks or move on in the saloon?

    <p>He must maintain a certain level of intoxication to stay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the amount of money Jurgis has, along with a dollar and a half due for his day's work?

    <p>Less than seventy-five cents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Jurgis' reaction to the lack of consideration for his distress and the unequal terms he faces in competing with others due to his weakness?

    <p>Realization of the unfairness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Jurgis discharged from the hospital after two weeks despite being unable to work and having no means to support himself?

    <p>Improvement in his condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis pawn when he is rejected by his landlady and boarding-house keeper, leaving him in a dreadful plight with no overcoat and minimal funds?

    <p>His tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis seek refuge in, but faces a situation where he must keep buying drinks or move on?

    <p>A saloon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for Jurgis' discharge from the hospital after two weeks?

    <p>Improvement in his condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary emotion Jurgis feels towards his craving for liquor?

    <p>Compulsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of Jurgis' emotional distress and physical weakness?

    <p>Severe injury at work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unwritten law that forces Jurgis to keep buying drinks or move on in the saloon?

    <p>He must maintain a certain level of intoxication to stay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis pawn when he is rejected by his landlady and boarding-house keeper, leaving him in a dreadful plight with no overcoat and minimal funds?

    <p>His tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Jurgis do on election morning?

    <p>Went from house to house for his friends, and escorted them to the polls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the elections in Packingtown?

    <p>They elected 'Scotty' Doyle by nearly a thousand plurality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Jurgis do after the elections?

    <p>Stayed on in Packingtown and kept his job</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Jurgis do from five o’clock in the afternoon to three the next morning?

    <p>Treated himself to a most unholy and horrible 'jag'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tactic did the packers use to keep workers inside the facilities during the strike?

    <p>Bringing in train-loads of supplies, including beer and whiskey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of 90% of the workforce walking out during the strike?

    <p>Meat prices increased by 30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the superintendent do when the men returned to work?

    <p>Picked out workers, excluding union stewards and delegates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the reaction of the newspapers to the violence in Packingtown?

    <p>Blamed the unions for the violence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the duration of the strike?

    <p>Six weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Jurgis anxious about during the strike?

    <p>Losing his job if the men were reemployed without discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason for the packers bringing in strike-breakers every night?

    <p>To rebuild the labor force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the condition for releasing men from jails and workhouses during the strike?

    <p>They had to leave town within 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the packers offer to do to resolve the strike?

    <p>Submit the issue to arbitration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the reaction of the cattle-butchers after the men returned to work?

    <p>Declared a new strike</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main source of tension when the men returned to work?

    <p>The exclusion of union stewards and delegates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the response of the union leaders to the violence during the strike?

    <p>Fought to hold the large army together and maintain order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the potential strike in Packingtown?

    <p>The packers rejected the union demand and reduced wages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Jurgis advised against doing due to ongoing agitation to break up police protection of criminals?

    <p>Taking a vacation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis spend his evenings doing in Packingtown?

    <p>Gambling in saloons, attending cheap theaters, and dancing at balls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What moral dilemma does Jurgis face during the strike?

    <p>Whether to work as a scab against his union's advice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unions' goal for the general wage of unskilled workers in Packingtown?

    <p>Eighteen and a half cents an hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of the strike on other packing-house cities?

    <p>It leads to a meat famine and pleas for reconsideration from the packers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surprising advice does Jurgis receive during the strike?

    <p>To work as a scab from someone who had denounced the packers in the papers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the text?

    <p>The ethical quandary faced by workers in labor disputes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the packers' response to the union demand for increased wages?

    <p>They reject the union demand and reduce wages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the workers' argument for the potential strike?

    <p>The difficulty of supporting a family on the current average wage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate outcome of the negotiations between the packers and the unions?

    <p>The packers reject the union demand and reduce wages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central theme highlighted in the text?

    <p>The power dynamics between workers, unions, and employers in wage negotiations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Scully advise Jurgis against doing?

    <p>Changing his political affiliation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limits Jurgis' freedom as a strikebreaker?

    <p>Leaving the stockyards exposes him to danger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the press focus on during the strike?

    <p>Sensationalizing any incidents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What foreshadows further challenges for Jurgis?

    <p>His experiences as a strikebreaker and subsequent media attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text offer insights into?

    <p>Political maneuverings, labor conflicts, and media sensationalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis have the option to do after becoming free from work?

    <p>Travel to the city by railroad or stay in a room with cots laid in rows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern for Jurgis as a strikebreaker?

    <p>Being limited in his freedom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Scully reveal about Jurgis' Republican affiliation?

    <p>It makes him unsuitable for Scully's needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence faced by Scully's brewer due to their actions?

    <p>They were unable to elect Republicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main theme portrayed in Jurgis' environment?

    <p>Power, influence, and exploitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis discover after negotiating a higher wage at the yards?

    <p>Others are paid more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenges does Jurgis face as a strikebreaker?

    <p>Limited freedom and danger when leaving the stockyards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis become in the killing department during the strike?

    <p>A boss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenges do the workers face in the chaotic work environment?

    <p>Missing knives, resting without permission, and the spread of a custom to register at multiple places to earn more money</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the packers struggle with in dealing with sick or injured animals during transit?

    <p>The spread of disease and the need to kill the animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unorthodox methods do the workers, including Jurgis, resort to in coping with the challenging work environment?

    <p>Accepting bribes and engaging in unethical practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text highlight about the working conditions in the meatpacking industry?

    <p>Harsh working conditions, lack of worker rights, and the exploitation of labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What realization does Jurgis come to about trying to enforce discipline in the chaotic work environment?

    <p>It's futile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the packers consider themselves lucky for if they can manage to do despite the handicaps and challenges they face?

    <p>Process the animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jurgis' experience shed light on?

    <p>The deplorable conditions and struggles faced by workers in the industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does the strike have on the availability of fresh meat?

    <p>The packers are left in a lurch in the killing department, impacting the availability of fresh meat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of workforce does Jurgis have to organize in the killing department?

    <p>A diverse and challenging workforce, including black workers, foreigners, and office employees forced to work by terror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the packers resort to in order to keep workers inside the facilities during the strike?

    <p>Resorting to criminals, thugs, and foreigners as strike-breakers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    A Night at the Dance Hall

    • Tamoszius Kuszleika, a violinist, plays at the dance hall after replenishing himself with beer
    • The company pairs off quickly and dances, with most favoring the "two-step" and older people executing strange and complicated steps
    • Jokubas Szedvilas and his wife, Lucija, are too fat to dance but stand in the middle of the floor, holding each other and grinning
    • The older people wear clothing reminiscent of their home country, while the young people speak English and wear the latest styles
    • The younger couples each have their own style of dancing, some boisterous, some nervous, and they are paired for the evening
    • Alena Jasaityte, engaged to Juozas Raczius, is described as proud and beautiful, while Jadvyga Marcinkus is beautiful but humble
    • Jadvyga dances with Mikolas, to whom she has been engaged for five years, and her heart is sick due to their difficult circumstances
    • Mikolas is a skilled beef-boner, but he has suffered from blood-poisoning twice in the last three years, causing him to lose his job
    • The text mentions the dangerous nature of the beef-boning trade and the low wages, with statistics indicating they make forty cents an hour
    • The story portrays the hardships faced by the characters, such as standing at the doors of packing-houses at six o'clock on bitter winter mornings
    • The characters' circumstances and the challenges they face are depicted in detail, providing a glimpse into their daily struggles and perseverance
    • The text paints a vivid picture of the dance hall scene, the different characters, and the complexities of their lives, highlighting themes of resilience and hardship

    Hardships of a Lithuanian Immigrant Family in America

    • Jonas, Teta Elzbieta, and their children, immigrants from Lithuania, encounter Jokubas Szedvilas, an old friend who has found success in America as a delicatessen owner.
    • Jokubas becomes a valuable friend and guide to the struggling family in their new country.
    • The family's dreams of wealth in America are shattered by the high cost of living and the realization that they are being cheated by the world.
    • They faced starvation due to the exorbitant prices demanded by the railroad for food.
    • The family is directed to a boarding-house run by Mrs. Jukniene, a wizened woman with a filthy home, where they are offered a room to share.
    • The boarding-house is overcrowded, with multiple tenants sharing one mattress and bedding, and the place is infested with vermin.
    • Mrs. Jukniene, due to an attack of rheumatism, has given up on cleaning and allows chickens to roam freely in the rooms to control vermin.
    • The family is left with no choice but to accept the squalid living conditions, including the possibility of sleeping on the sidewalk due to the hot weather.
    • Jurgis, determined to find work, plans to secure a job the next day for himself and Jonas to improve their situation.
    • The family goes for a walk to explore their new home, finding a district with dreary two-story frame houses and bare, neglected spaces overrun by weeds and litter, where children play.
    • The text highlights the harsh realities faced by immigrant families in America, including exploitation, poverty, and squalid living conditions.
    • The challenges depicted in the text underscore the struggles of immigrant families in adjusting to life in a new and unfamiliar country, mirroring the experiences of many immigrants in early 20th century America.

    The Perils of Buying a Home

    • Szedvilas is informed about purchasing a home for $1500, with a $300 down payment and $12 monthly installments
    • The lawyer reassures Szedvilas that the sale is legitimate and that there are no tricks involved
    • Teta Elzbieta, in distress, reluctantly unwraps the precious money to seal the deal
    • Ona, observing from the corner, is filled with anxiety and a desire to warn her stepmother
    • Jurgis, upon hearing the story, believes they have been swindled and vows to seek revenge
    • Jurgis rushes to consult another lawyer, in a state of frenzy, and the lawyer confirms the legitimacy of the purchase
    • Jurgis is relieved and emotional upon learning that they have indeed bought the house
    • The lawyer explains that the rental agreement is a formality until the final payment is made
    • Jurgis pays the lawyer without hesitation and rushes home to share the news
    • The family is in an uproar, believing Jurgis went to murder the agent
    • Jurgis and the family are excited about the prospect of moving into their new home
    • The family spends all their time thinking about and preparing for the move, with only three days left at Aniele's house

    Working Conditions and Unionization in the Packing Industry

    • The cost of fodder for cattle in the yards was much above the market price, and workers were not allowed to bring their own fodder.
    • Due to blocked roads with snow, a number of cars arrived late, and the packers took advantage by buying cattle at night to get them cheaper.
    • A rule stipulated that all cattle must be killed the same day they were bought, leaving workers with little choice but to comply.
    • Workers were only paid for part of the hard work they did, and the size of the companies allowed them to cheat with impunity.
    • The killing-beds had a rule that docked a man an hour if he was one minute late, and did not pay for any fraction of an hour at the end of the day.
    • There was a constant struggle between the bosses and the men, with the former trying to rush a job and the latter trying to stretch it out.
    • The packers kept the bosses frightened for their lives, leading to the exploitation of workers in dangerous situations.
    • Men joked about doing disreputable jobs "for the church" when working for the church missions of old man Jones, highlighting the irony of their work conditions.
    • Jurgis felt the need to fight for his rights and joined the butcher-helpers' union to stand against the packers.
    • Despite joining the union, Marija's canning factory closed down just ten days after, leading to disillusionment and frustration.
    • Marija made a passionate speech at a union meeting about the injustice of the situation, reflecting the workers' general sense of unfairness.
    • Jurgis had an uncomfortable encounter with Tommy Finnegan at a union meeting, highlighting the diverse characters and experiences in the unionization process.

    Struggles of Jurgis and Ona in Packingtown

    • Jurgis feels a deep sense of pride and responsibility towards his baby, Antanas
    • Jurgis has very little time to spend with his baby due to work, while Ona has to work as well
    • Ona is forced to return to work shortly after giving birth, impacting her health
    • Many women in Packingtown suffer from health issues due to their work, and cannot afford proper treatment
    • Jurgis makes less money compared to the previous summer as the packers hire more hands
    • The packers hire new workers every week, keeping them poor and preventing them from preparing for a strike
    • The workers face increasingly harsh working conditions, with constant speeding-up of the work
    • Piece-work is implemented, reducing the time for the same work and paying the same wages
    • The canning-factory workers organize a strike in response to a drastic cut in their earnings
    • The strike doesn't last long, as new labor rushes in to replace the striking workers
    • The workers' struggles and exploitation in Packingtown lead to the formation of a new union
    • The workers' discontent with their working conditions is evident, leading to frequent labor disputes

    Financial Struggles in Packingtown

    • A girl carrying a red flag gets a job at a department store for $2.50 a week, causing dismay for Jurgis and Ona who fear their own time to be cut from the big houses.
    • Packingtown is revealed to be controlled by one great firm, the Beef Trust, which sets the wages and efficiency standards for all workers in the yards.
    • Marija, a skilled beef-trimmer, manages to pay back her debts and begins to accumulate a bank account.
    • Marija invests her savings in a bank but lives in constant dread of something happening to it, as she is unfamiliar with the banking business in the land of frenzied finance.
    • Marija witnesses a crowd in front of the bank, fearing for her money and attempting to secure it in the midst of a "run on the bank."
    • The bank opens and begins to pay the waiting throng, but Marija sees thousands of people before her and is left out.
    • Marija finally manages to get into the bank and retrieve her money in big silver dollars, but the bank refuses to accept any more deposits from those who took part in the run.
    • Forced to take her dollars home, Marija is afraid of being robbed and sews the money into her clothes, living in fear of crossing the street.
    • Jurgis brings food and dry wraps to the crowd waiting at the bank, attempting to ease their suffering.
    • A bigger crowd than ever, along with more policemen, gathers at the bank the next morning, intensifying the chaos.
    • Marija, loaded down with bullion, lives in fear and uncertainty, unable to find another bank to secure her money.
    • The text highlights the financial struggles and anxieties faced by the characters in Packingtown, shedding light on the challenges of working-class individuals in the industrial era.

    The Disappearance of Ona

    • Jurgis is overjoyed to have Ona back, despite her distress, and lets her cry away her fears
    • Ona's absence on a snowy night alarms Marija and Elzbieta, who had agreed to meet her after work
    • Jurgis is initially dismissive, assuming Ona might have gone home with Jadvyga
    • The next morning, Jurgis goes to Jadvyga's house to find Ona, but she is not there
    • Jadvyga denies Ona spending the night, leading to Jurgis feeling perplexed and alarmed
    • Jurgis is convinced Ona spent a night at Jadvyga's two weeks ago during a snowstorm, but Jadvyga denies it
    • Ona's deception and lies overwhelm Jurgis, leaving him with a sense of impending calamity
    • Jurgis returns to Ona's workplace, but the forelady has not arrived, and there is a power outage affecting the transportation
    • Jurgis suspects the workers and a man exchange suspicious glances, leading him to confront them
    • Jurgis spends the morning at the workplace, neglecting his own work, and later goes to the police station for inquiries
    • The text portrays the emotional turmoil and distress Jurgis experiences due to Ona's unexplained disappearance
    • The story highlights the impact of the disappearance on Jurgis and the desperation to find answers about Ona's whereabouts

    Desperate Times in "The Jungle"

    • Jurgis is a destitute man who enters a saloon and is given whiskey and food by the saloon-keeper.
    • The saloon-keeper is used to seeing desperate men and decides to lock Jurgis in the cellar for the night.
    • Jurgis spends the night in the cellar, unable to sleep due to the cold and the sounds of music and laughter from the room above.
    • When Jurgis finally gets the proprietor's attention, he rushes home to find the house silent and his wife, Ona, dead.
    • Jurgis is in shock, and Madame Haupt, a midwife, reveals that Ona died due to lack of medical attention.
    • Madame Haupt shows no remorse for Ona's death and demands food and payment, despite the tragic circumstances.
    • The text portrays the harsh realities faced by the working-class in early 20th century Chicago.
    • Jurgis' desperation and helplessness are evident as he tries to come to terms with his wife's death.
    • The characters in the story, including Jurgis and Madame Haupt, represent the struggles of the working class and the indifference of those in positions of power.
    • The text highlights the lack of access to healthcare and the exploitation of the poor.
    • The saloon scene depicts a moment of brief relief for Jurgis, contrasting with the tragedy that follows.
    • The story captures the bleakness and hopelessness of the characters' lives in the face of poverty and societal neglect.

    Family crisis and helplessness

    • Jurgis and his family face exploitation and hardship due to the merciless practices of the packers and the city's harsh conditions
    • The family is evicted from their home, leaving them helpless and at the mercy of their oppressors
    • Jurgis rushes to Aniele's house, where he hears a distressing scream from inside
    • He finds the women in the kitchen, and Marija reveals that Ona is in labor
    • Jurgis is shocked as the birth was not expected yet
    • Ona's agonizing screams and pleas for death distress Jurgis and the women
    • The lack of money prevents the family from seeking medical help
    • Jurgis is unable to control his emotions and is driven out into the rain
    • Despite trying to escape the sounds, he keeps returning to the house, tormented by Ona's suffering
    • The family's desperation and helplessness in the face of the unexpected childbirth and lack of resources
    • Jurgis becomes frantic and bareheaded as he paces in the rain, torn between leaving to avoid the sounds and returning because he cannot bear to be away
    • The family's struggle and Jurgis's inability to cope with the crisis demonstrate their vulnerability and powerlessness.

    Life in Chicago's Packingtown

    • The protagonist, Jurgis, is homeless and lacking affection in his life, finding solace only in the camaraderie of vice.
    • Jurgis spends his Sundays in a close, unheated room, surrounded by bare streets and saloons, where he feels compelled to drink to fit in.
    • He toils for the merchants of Chicago to break the grip of the teamsters' union, enduring dangerous work conditions with little thought given to laborers' welfare.
    • Jurgis suffers a severe injury at work when an engine and a loaded car strike him, leading to his hospitalization during Christmas.
    • Scandals and investigations plague the hospital, with newspapers alleging that doctors conduct experiments on patients, but Jurgis remains unaware, only complaining about the quality of food.
    • Despite his injury, Jurgis is discharged from the hospital after two weeks, even though he is still unable to work and has no means to support himself.
    • Jurgis has less than seventy-five cents and a dollar and a half due for his day's work, with no knowledge of his right to sue for damages.
    • He pawns his tools and is rejected by his landlady and boarding-house keeper, leaving him in a dreadful plight with no overcoat and minimal funds.
    • Jurgis faces the bitter cold and heavy snow, unable to earn a living due to his injury and at the mercy of any rival for odd jobs.
    • He realizes the lack of consideration for his distress and the unequal terms he faces in competing with others due to his weakness.
    • Jurgis seeks refuge in a saloon, but according to an unwritten law, he must keep buying drinks or move on, despite being an old customer.
    • He is left in a desperate situation, forced to compete while at a disadvantage and struggling to survive in the harsh environment of Packingtown.

    Jurgis' Experience as a Strikebreaker

    • Jurgis, a worker, is approached by Scully about joining politics, but Scully reveals that Jurgis' Republican affiliation makes him unsuitable for Scully's needs.
    • Scully, a political figure, mentions that he cannot always elect Republicans, and the consequences his brewer faced due to their actions.
    • Scully advises Jurgis against changing his political affiliation, as it would not be immediately beneficial and there would be nothing for him to do.
    • Jurgis, realizing the situation, returns to work at the yards, where he negotiates a higher wage but later discovers that others are paid more.
    • Jurgis becomes a strikebreaker, receiving good pay and comfort, but he is limited in his freedom, as leaving the stockyards exposes him to danger.
    • The police and strikers aim to prevent violence during the strike, but the press is interested in sensationalizing any incidents.
    • Jurgis and his companions are confronted by a group of men while attempting to go for a drink, leading to a scuffle and the involvement of the police.
    • Jurgis' encounter with the mob is sensationalized in the newspapers, reaching a wide audience and becoming a topic for editorials.
    • Jurgis, now free from work, has the option to travel to the city by railroad or stay in a room with cots laid in rows.
    • The text offers insights into the political maneuverings, labor conflicts, and media sensationalism prevalent in Jurgis' environment.
    • Jurgis' experiences as a strikebreaker and the subsequent media attention foreshadow further challenges and complexities he will face.
    • The text provides a glimpse into the dynamics of power, influence, and exploitation within the industrial and political landscape, shaping Jurgis' journey and the societal context in which it unfolds.

    Working conditions and labor struggle in the meatpacking industry

    • Jurgis, a worker, is faced with strike-breakers, including criminals, thugs, and foreigners, as very few skilled workers are willing to take on the work.
    • The packers are left in a lurch in the killing department due to the strike, impacting the availability of fresh meat.
    • Jurgis seizes the opportunity to become a boss in the killing department, receiving a promise of job security after the strike.
    • Jurgis is tasked with organizing a diverse and challenging workforce, including black workers, foreigners, and office employees forced to work by terror.
    • The working conditions are described as chaotic, with workers struggling due to the tropical heat, stench of blood, and lack of organization.
    • The workers face challenges such as missing knives, resting without permission, and the spread of a custom to register at multiple places to earn more money.
    • The packers face difficulties in dealing with sick or injured animals during transit, often resulting in the spread of disease and the need to kill the animals.
    • The workers, including Jurgis, resort to unorthodox methods to cope with the challenging work environment, such as accepting bribes and engaging in unethical practices.
    • Jurgis struggles to bring order to the chaotic work environment and realizes that it's futile to try to enforce discipline.
    • The packers count themselves lucky if they can manage to process the animals despite the handicaps and challenges they face.
    • The text highlights the harsh working conditions, lack of worker rights, and the exploitation of labor in the meatpacking industry.
    • Jurgis' experience sheds light on the deplorable conditions and struggles faced by workers in the industry, including safety hazards and ethical dilemmas.

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    Test your knowledge on key themes and events from Upton Sinclair's novel 'The Jungle', focusing on immigrant struggles, working conditions in Chicago's packing industry, financial hardships, and family crises. Explore the characters and challenges they face in a gritty industrial setting.

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