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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism in population control?
Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism in population control?
- Unrestricted exponential population growth
- Increased birth rate due to abundant resources
- Decreased predation pressure leading to population growth
- Increased mortality rate due to overcrowding (correct)
Predation can act as a density-independent factor in population regulation.
Predation can act as a density-independent factor in population regulation.
False (B)
Explain how competition can serve as a negative feedback mechanism in population regulation.
Explain how competition can serve as a negative feedback mechanism in population regulation.
As population density increases, competition for resources intensifies, leading to decreased reproduction and increased mortality, thus slowing down population growth.
In damselfish populations, the utilization of coral or sea anemones as refuge when threatened is a behavior that helps to mitigate the effects of ______.
In damselfish populations, the utilization of coral or sea anemones as refuge when threatened is a behavior that helps to mitigate the effects of ______.
Match each factor with its likely effect on a population:
Match each factor with its likely effect on a population:
Which of the following best describes how damselfish population density might influence predator behavior?
Which of the following best describes how damselfish population density might influence predator behavior?
If a population of damselfish experiences a sudden increase in available coral reef habitat, we should expect their population size to remain constant due to existing regulatory mechanisms.
If a population of damselfish experiences a sudden increase in available coral reef habitat, we should expect their population size to remain constant due to existing regulatory mechanisms.
Describe a scenario where increased population density of damselfish might lead to a decrease in their average individual size over multiple generations.
Describe a scenario where increased population density of damselfish might lead to a decrease in their average individual size over multiple generations.
According to the study by Holbrook and Schmitt (2002), where are three-spot damselfish most vulnerable to predation?
According to the study by Holbrook and Schmitt (2002), where are three-spot damselfish most vulnerable to predation?
In a high-density population of damselfish, weaker individuals are more likely to occupy safer positions within the habitat.
In a high-density population of damselfish, weaker individuals are more likely to occupy safer positions within the habitat.
What factor can push weaker damselfish into more vulnerable positions?
What factor can push weaker damselfish into more vulnerable positions?
According to the study, three-spot damselfish are safest in the ______ of the reef.
According to the study, three-spot damselfish are safest in the ______ of the reef.
What is the primary factor that determines the proportion of damselfish found in vulnerable positions?
What is the primary factor that determines the proportion of damselfish found in vulnerable positions?
Higher densities of damselfish populations typically reduce competition for resources among individuals.
Higher densities of damselfish populations typically reduce competition for resources among individuals.
Which of the following factors contributes the most in affecting the dynamics of vulnerable positions for damselfish?
Which of the following factors contributes the most in affecting the dynamics of vulnerable positions for damselfish?
What is the relationship between population density and the likelihood of weaker damselfish occupying vulnerable positions?
What is the relationship between population density and the likelihood of weaker damselfish occupying vulnerable positions?
How does an increase in the population density of prey typically affect the proportion of prey lost to predators?
How does an increase in the population density of prey typically affect the proportion of prey lost to predators?
Small predators and large predators have the same impact regardless of prey population density.
Small predators and large predators have the same impact regardless of prey population density.
What factor affects the proportion of damselfish lost during daylight feeding and nighttime sheltering, according to the figures?
What factor affects the proportion of damselfish lost during daylight feeding and nighttime sheltering, according to the figures?
According to research on yellowtail damselfish, small predators affect prey populations up to a certain ______.
According to research on yellowtail damselfish, small predators affect prey populations up to a certain ______.
Match the predator size with its effect on prey density:
Match the predator size with its effect on prey density:
In the context of population control in damselfish, what is the relationship between prey density and predation risk?
In the context of population control in damselfish, what is the relationship between prey density and predation risk?
The proportion of damselfish in vulnerable positions is independent of the overall population density.
The proportion of damselfish in vulnerable positions is independent of the overall population density.
Why might larger predators have a disproportionately greater impact on prey populations at high densities compared to small predators?
Why might larger predators have a disproportionately greater impact on prey populations at high densities compared to small predators?
Flashcards
Predation vs. Fish Density
Predation vs. Fish Density
As fish population density increases, the proportion lost to predators also increases.
Predator Size and Density Impact
Predator Size and Density Impact
Small predators affect fish densities up to a point; large predators have additional impact at higher densities.
Damselfish Vulnerability
Damselfish Vulnerability
Damselfish are more vulnerable to predators during daylight feeding and nighttime sheltering depending on fish position.
Damselfish position and Density
Damselfish position and Density
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Extrinsic Population Regulation
Extrinsic Population Regulation
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Intrinsic Population Regulation
Intrinsic Population Regulation
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Density-Dependent Effect
Density-Dependent Effect
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Damselfish Habitat
Damselfish Habitat
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Damselfish Feeding
Damselfish Feeding
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Damselfish Retreat
Damselfish Retreat
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Predation Impact
Predation Impact
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Density-Dependent Mortality
Density-Dependent Mortality
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Damselfish vulnerable location
Damselfish vulnerable location
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Damselfish safe location
Damselfish safe location
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Vulnerable positions: Cause
Vulnerable positions: Cause
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Where do three-spots struggle?
Where do three-spots struggle?
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Three spots: Safest location?
Three spots: Safest location?
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Vulnerability factors
Vulnerability factors
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Proportion and vulnerability
Proportion and vulnerability
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Density influence
Density influence
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Study Notes
- Populations are regulated by extrinsic factors like competition and predation.
- Changes in population density often trigger feedback mechanisms.
Damselfish and Predators
- Damselfish, like the yellowtail and three-spotted damselfish, spend their first weeks in open water.
- Yellowtail settle on coral, while three-spotted damselfish settle on sea anemones.
- They feed on plankton during the day above their habitats.
- When threatened or at night, they retreat to their habitats.
Effects of Predators on Damselfish Densities
- A denser population of fish leads to a greater proportion lost to predation.
- Small predators affect densities up to a certain point, but larger predators have an additional impact at higher densities.
- Yellowtail damselfish are more vulnerable at the edge, and safest at its base.
- Three-spot damselfish are most vulnerable at its edge and the water column but are safest at the center.
- Higher proportions of fish become vulnerable as density increases.
- Weak fish are often pushed to more vulnerable positions.
White Wallrocket Reproduction
- White wallrocket plants with closer neighbors show greater reproduction.
- No relationship between the number of white wallrocket flowers is affected by nearest neighbor distance.
- Plants with closer neighbors produce more seeds and set more capsules that contained seed.
- Plants with closer neighbors also have more seeds per capsule.
- Capsules setting seed, total seeds per plant and seeds per capsule were higher when nearest neighbor distance was small.
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Description
Explore how extrinsic factors like competition and predation regulate damselfish populations. Changes in population density trigger feedback mechanisms, influencing survival rates. Learn how different habitats affect damselfish vulnerability to predators.
