Dairy Principles and Products FOD103
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary component of whole cow's milk by percentage?

  • Fat
  • Protein
  • Lactose
  • Water (correct)
  • If whole cow's milk contains 87% water, what percentage of it is made up of other components?

  • 15%
  • 10%
  • 17%
  • 13% (correct)
  • Which of the following is NOT a major component of whole cow's milk?

  • Water
  • Carbohydrates (correct)
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
  • How much of the whole cow's milk is comprised of components other than water?

    <p>13% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the water content in whole cow's milk?

    <p>It affects the taste and texture. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serves as the primary source of nutrition for newborns until weaning time?

    <p>Breast milk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a fetus receive its nutrition before birth?

    <p>Through the placenta (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about newborn nutrition is true?

    <p>Breast milk is sufficient for newborns until weaning. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one type of water mentioned in the content?

    <p>Free Water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the placenta during pregnancy?

    <p>To provide oxygen and nutrients to the fetus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the newborn's nutrition as it approaches weaning time?

    <p>Solid foods are introduced alongside breast milk. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of water identified in the content?

    <p>Liquid Water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many types of water are explicitly listed in the content?

    <p>Two (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option refers to a state of water not mentioned in the provided information?

    <p>Liquid Water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the content given?

    <p>Types of water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dispersed phase in an emulsion?

    <p>Fat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is typically dissolved in a solution alongside lactose?

    <p>Proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does water play in an emulsion?

    <p>Dispersion medium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered part of the composition of the solution with lactose?

    <p>Lipids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of emulsions, what is the primary characteristic of the dispersed phase?

    <p>It is not visible to the naked eye. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of emulsion is milk classified as?

    <p>Oil in water (o/w) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of emulsion does butter represent?

    <p>Water in oil (w/o) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an emulsion, the phase that is finely divided is referred to as what?

    <p>Dispersed phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the continuous phase in an emulsion?

    <p>It surrounds the dispersed phase. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between milk and butter as emulsions?

    <p>Milk is oil in water and butter is water in oil. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ions are produced when common salt dissolves in water?

    <p>Na+ and Cl– (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the mixture formed by dissolving common salt in water?

    <p>Electrolyte (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines an emulsion?

    <p>A suspension of droplets of one liquid in another (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ions are present in an electrolyte formed from common salt in water?

    <p>Both cations and anions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about the behavior of common salt in water?

    <p>It dissociates into ions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Newborn food

    The primary food source for newborn babies until they are weaned.

    Fetal nutrition

    The fetus receives nutrition through the placenta.

    Weaning

    The process of gradually transitioning a baby from breast milk or formula to solid foods.

    Placenta function

    A temporary organ that provides nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus.

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    Exclusive breastfeeding

    Nursing as the only source of nutrition until weaning for newborns.

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    Milk Water Content

    Cow's milk is about 87% water.

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    Chemical Composition

    Milk is made up of different parts, including water.

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    Whole Milk Water Percentage

    Around 87 percent of whole cow's milk is water.

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    Component of Milk

    Water is a crucial part of milk's composition.

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    Cow's Milk composition

    Cow's milk contains approximately 87% water by volume.

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    Milk: Dispersed Phase

    The fat globules in milk are the dispersed phase, meaning they're suspended in the liquid.

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    Milk: Dispersion Medium

    Water is the dispersion medium in milk, meaning it's the liquid that the fat droplets are dispersed in.

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    Milk: Emulsion

    Milk is considered an emulsion because it's a mixture of fat (dispersed phase) and water (dispersion medium).

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    Milk: Dissolved Substances

    Milk contains dissolved sugars (lactose), minerals, vitamins, and soluble proteins.

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    Milk: Chemical Composition

    Milk's chemical composition includes fat, water, sugars, minerals, vitamins, and proteins.

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    What is Water?

    Water is a vital compound essential for life. It is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (H2O).

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    Free Water

    Free water refers to water that is readily available for biological processes. It is found in body fluids like blood and lymph.

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    Absorbed Water

    Absorbed water is water bound to other molecules, like in food or within cells. It's not immediately available for use.

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    Electrolyte

    A solution containing dissolved ions that can conduct electricity.

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    Salt in water

    When salt dissolves in water, it separates into positively charged sodium ions (Na+) and negatively charged chloride ions (Cl-), making the solution conductive.

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    Cations

    Positively charged ions.

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    Anions

    Negatively charged ions.

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    Emulsion

    A mixture of two liquids that don't mix easily, where one liquid is dispersed as tiny droplets throughout the other.

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    What is an emulsion?

    A mixture of two liquids that don't normally mix, like oil and water. One liquid is dispersed as tiny droplets in the other.

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    Milk: o/w emulsion

    Milk is an emulsion where oil droplets are dispersed in water. So, water is the continuous phase and oil is the dispersed phase.

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    Butter: w/o emulsion

    Butter is an emulsion where water droplets are dispersed in oil. So, oil is the continuous phase and water is the dispersed phase.

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    Dispersed phase

    The liquid that is spread out in tiny droplets in an emulsion.

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    Continuous phase

    The liquid that surrounds the dispersed phase in an emulsion.

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    Study Notes

    Dairy Principles and Products FOD103

    • Course Instructor: Amira Darwish
    • Course offered at Borg Al Arab Technological University
    • Date: 08-10-2024

    Milk Definition

    • Milk is a natural secretion from mammary glands in humans and animals.
    • It's the primary food for newborns until weaning.
    • Before birth, the fetus receives nutrition through the placenta.
    • Milk is complete nutrition, containing components for growth, life maintenance, and reproduction.
    • Macronutrients: Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins
    • Micronutrients: Minerals and Vitamins

    Milk Composition (various types of milk)

    Type of Milk Water (%) Fat (%) Protein (%) Lactose (%) Minerals (%)
    Cow Milk 87 3-4 3.5 5 0.8
    Equine Milk 91 1.9 2.5 (caseins) 6.3(rich) 0.3
    Human Milk 87.6 4 1.2 7 0.4
    Camel Milk 86.5 4 3.6 5 0.4
    Goat Milk 87 4 3.6 4.5 0.9
    Sheep Milk 80 8 5.6 4.8 0.9
    Buffalo Milk 82 7-9 4.5 4.8 0.8

    Chemical Composition of Milk

    • Water: 87% of whole cow's milk.
    • Solids: 13% of whole cow's milk. Comprises protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals.
      • Water influences physical, chemical, and microbiological changes in dairy products.
      • Milk is a "liquid in liquid" meaning a colloid suspension.
      • Milk's fat is dispersed as the dispersed phase in water.
      • Casein proteins are dispersed throughout the water.

    Forms of Water in Milk

    • Free water: Easily removed by evaporation; lightly entrapped.
    • Absorbed water: Held tightly by intermolecular hydrogen bonds around hydrophilic food molecules.
    • Bound water: Remains unfrozen below 0°C (usually -20°C). The amount varies depending on protein content.

    Milk as a Solution

    • True solutions (e.g., sugar in water): When a substance mixes with water or other liquids, it forms true solutions.
    • Non-ionic solutions: When lactose dissolves in water, there is no significant change in lactose's molecular structure.
    • Ionic solutions: Common table salt (NaCl) in water dissociates into cations (Na+) and anions (Cl-), forming an electrolyte.

    Milk as an Emulsion

    • Emulsion: a suspension of droplets of one liquid in another; mixture of immiscible liquids.
    • Milk is an oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion.
    • Butter is a water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion.

    Milk as a Colloid

    • Colloid: a suspension of small particles dispersed in a medium; casein in water.
    • Tyndall effect: scattering of light by small particles in a colloid solution.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamentals of dairy science focusing on the definition and composition of milk. Explore the different types of milk and their nutritional components, essential for understanding dairy principles. Ideal for students in the Dairy Principles and Products course.

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