Altering Milk Composition
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Questions and Answers

What are the two main approaches to alter milk composition?

Nutritional management and genetic approaches.

What is a transgenic animal?

  • An animal that is bred for larger size.
  • An animal that produces more milk without modifications.
  • An animal altered by the introduction of recombinant DNA. (correct)
  • An animal that has undergone traditional breeding methods.
  • Cows fed with fish oil can produce milk rich in omega-3 fatty acids.

    True

    What is one benefit of removing beta-lactoglobulin from cow’s milk?

    <p>It may overcome major allergy problems associated with cow’s milk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fatty acid is mentioned as being able to decrease cholesterol?

    <p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The major sugar in milk is __________.

    <p>lactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To produce half-fat milk, cows are fed __________.

    <p>de-husked oats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the potential modification with the change in milk:

    <p>Increase casein content = Increased protein, better manufacturing properties Remove β-lactoglobulin = Decreased milk allergies Remove fat = Easier to produce low-fat milk products Produce antibodies of pathogens = Safer food, mastitis prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary practice could help limit lactose intolerance?

    <p>Dietary changes or use of low lactose or lactase replacement products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Altering Milk Composition

    • Nutritional management and genetic variation among cattle can significantly change milk composition.
    • Shift from quantity-focused breeding to value-added milk production and health monitoring.
    • Potential to produce milk with lower fat, increased protein, or specific protein types tailored to consumer preferences.

    Genetic Modification Methods

    • Gene transfer enables dramatic alterations in milk composition, relating to lacto-protein variants.
    • Transgenic animals are created by introducing recombinant DNA; involves constructing a DNA sequence to express desired proteins and integrating them into an embryo's genome.

    Tailored Milk and Nutritional Benefits

    • Changes in Milk Fat:

      • Feeding specially controlled diets can alter milk fat composition, enhancing nutritional quality.
      • Specific fatty acids (like stearic and oleic) can lower cholesterol levels.
      • Fish oil reduces omega-3 fatty acids, while protected corn oil increases cancer-fighting properties through higher conjugated linoleic acid (CLA).
    • Changes in Milk Protein:

      • Genetic engineering can enhance protein content, particularly casein levels, improving cheese manufacturing properties.
      • Removal of β-lactoglobulin can reduce milk allergies and enhance manufacturing capabilities.

    Specific Genetic Modifications

    • Increasing Casein Content:

      • Enhanced alpha S1 or S2-casein improves milk's nutritional value and stability.
    • Eliminating β-lactoglobulin:

      • Focus on removing this allergenic protein to decrease allergy issues, particularly in infants.
    • Modifying Milk Sugar:

      • Lactose is the principal sugar, and lactose maldigestion impacts many adults.
      • Genetic modifications may pave the way for lower lactose or lactose-free dairy options.

    Summary of Potential Changes

    • Increased casein content: Enhances protein levels beneficial for cheese production.
    • Better manufacturing properties: Achieved by engineered caseins and removal of undesirable proteins.
    • Low-fat and higher solids content: Facilitates low-fat product production and addresses lactose intolerances.
    • Food safety improvements: Genetic alterations to produce antibodies can aid in mastitis prevention.

    Conclusion

    • Genetic and nutritional strategies provide pathways to enhance milk composition dramatically, catering to health and consumer needs while addressing food safety challenges.

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    Related Documents

    Altering Milk Composition PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the nutritional and genetic approaches to altering milk composition. It discusses the potential benefits of designing milk for specific health and processing opportunities, as well as the shift from simply maximizing yield to enhancing milk value and health implications. Discover how these methods can transform dairy production.

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