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Which housing system for dairy cattle is currently being phased out in Canada?
What is a common non-infectious disease that occurs around the time of calving?
What are the clinical signs associated with Ketosis in dairy cattle?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Johne's Disease?
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What is the primary cause of Milk Fever in dairy cattle?
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Which milking system allows for robotic milking in dairy cattle?
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What proportion of dairy herds in Alberta is estimated to be infected with Johne's Disease?
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What best describes the management of dairy cattle housing in Canada?
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Which of the following statements about dairy cattle management systems in Canada is accurate?
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What is a significant challenge in diagnosing Johne's Disease in dairy cattle?
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What are the main clinical signs of Milk Fever in dairy cattle?
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What contributes to ketosis in dairy cattle, particularly shortly after calving?
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What is a primary reason dairy cattle may show symptoms of Johne's Disease only after 18 months?
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Which of the following is true regarding the nutrition of dairy cattle during the calving period?
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How does the prevalence of Johne's Disease in Alberta dairy herds impact its management?
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What is the typical milking frequency for dairy cattle in Canada?
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What distinguishes non-infectious diseases in dairy cattle from infectious diseases?
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Which milking system is characterized by automated procedures?
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What is a primary characteristic of Johne's Disease in dairy cattle?
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What is the typical consequence of low appetite and weight loss in dairy cattle shortly after calving?
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How does the housing of dairy cattle in Canada primarily function?
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What factor significantly complicates the diagnosis of Johne's Disease?
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What is a common nutritional issue related to non-infectious diseases around calving?
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Which statement accurately reflects the nature of infectious diseases in dairy cattle?
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Study Notes
Dairy Cattle Management in Canada
- Dairy cattle management adheres to the National Farm Animal Care Council code of practice.
- Most dairy cattle in Canada are housed in barns.
- Free access to outdoors is not always provided for dairy cattle.
Housing Systems
- Tie stalls are being phased out.
- Free stalls are a common housing system.
- Bedded open housing is another common housing system.
Milking Systems
- Common milking systems include:
- Rotary system
- Pipeline
- Robotic milking
- Cows are typically milked 2-3 times per day.
Non-Infectious Diseases
- Most non-infectious diseases occur near calving.
- Many are nutritionally related.
Milk Fever (Hypocalcemia)
- A common non-infectious disease in dairy cattle around calving.
Ketosis
- Caused by negative energy balance, especially within 1-2 weeks after calving.
- Signs include low appetite, weight loss, and decreased milk production.
- Prevention methods include maintaining good body condition score.
Johne’s Disease
- Also known as paratuberculosis.
- Caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, related to the bacteria that cause tuberculosis and leprosy.
- May be asymptomatic in some cows.
- Affects approximately 50% of dairy herds in Alberta.
- Slow growth of the bacteria delays immune response and detection.
- Only about 5% of infected cows develop clinical signs.
Johne's Disease - Clinical Signs and Management
- Clinical signs appear after approximately 18 months, especially when other stressors are present.
- Signs include intermittent diarrhea, ventral edema, progressive weight loss, dehydration, rough haircoat, and decreased milk production, despite normal appetite.
- Diagnosis is challenging due to the slow growth of the bacteria, unreliable blood tests, and intermittent bacterial shedding.
- There is no vaccine or treatment for Johne’s Disease.
- It is a notifiable disease.
Common Dairy Cattle Management Systems in Canada
- Dairy cattle are cared for and handled according to the National Farm Animal Care Council code of practice
- In Canada, most dairy cattle are housed in barns
- Tie stalls are commonly used but are being phased out in favor of free stall and bedded open housing systems
- Free stall and bedded open housing provide more freedom of movement for cattle
- Cows are milked two to three times per day
- Common milking systems include rotary, pipeline, and robotic milking systems
Common Non-Infectious Diseases in Dairy Cattle
- Many non-infectious diseases occur around calving
- Common non-infectious diseases are often related to nutrition
Milk Fever (Hypocalcemia)
Ketosis
- Occurs due to negative energy balances, especially in the first two weeks after calving
- Symptoms include low appetite, weight loss, and decreased milk production
- Preventing ketosis involves maintaining good body condition score
Johne's Disease
- Also known as paratuberculosis
- Caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis which is closely related to the bacteria that causes tuberculosis and leprosy
- Can be asymptomatic, with about 50% of Alberta dairy herds infected
- The bacterium grows slowly, delaying immune response and detection
- Only about 5% of infected cattle develop clinical signs
- Symptoms usually appear after 18 months, often when other stressors are present
- Symptoms include intermittent diarrhea, ventral edema, progressive weight loss, dehydration, rough haircoat, decreased milk production but normal appetite
- Diagnosis can be difficult due to the slow growth rate, unreliable blood tests, and intermittent bacterial shedding
- There is no vaccine or treatment for Johne's disease
- It is a notifiable disease
Dairy Cattle Management in Canada
- Dairy cattle management in Canada adheres to the National Farm Animal Care Council code of practice.
- Housing systems commonly used in Canada include tie stalls, free stalls, and bedded open housing.
- Tie stalls are being phased out in favor of other systems.
- Free stall and bedded open housing systems offer more space and freedom for cows.
- Cows are milked 2-3 times per day using rotary systems, pipelines, or robotic milking systems.
Common Non-Infectious Diseases
- Most non-infectious diseases in dairy cattle occur around calving and are often linked to nutrition.
- Milk Fever (hypocalcemia) is a common post-calving condition caused by low calcium levels in blood.
- Ketosis also occurs post-calving, caused by negative energy balance.
- Ketosis symptoms include low appetite, weight loss, and decreased milk production.
- Prevention of Ketosis involves maintaining good body condition score (BCS) in cows.
Johne's Disease (Paratuberculosis)
- Caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, closely related to bacteria that cause tuberculosis and leprosy.
- Highly contagious and can be asymptomatic, with ~50% of Alberta dairy herds infected.
- Slow growth of the bacteria delays immune response and detection.
- Only about 5% of infected cows develop clinical disease.
Johne's Disease Symptoms and Impact
- Clinical signs usually appear after 18 months, particularly when stress factors are present.
- Symptoms include intermittent diarrhea, ventral edema, progressive weight loss, dehydration, rough haircoat, decreased milk production but normal appetite.
- Difficult to diagnose due to slow growth, unreliable blood tests, and intermittent bacterial shedding.
- There is no vaccine or treatment available.
- Johne's Disease is a notifiable disease.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the management of dairy cattle in Canada, including housing systems, milking practices, and health issues. Discover the common practices and the National Farm Animal Care Council's standards affecting dairy farmers. Test your knowledge on diseases like milk fever and ketosis.
