Cytology Overview and Cell Classifications
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Questions and Answers

What component is found only in plant cells?

  • Nucleus
  • Cell Wall (correct)
  • Cell Membrane
  • Cytoplasm

All cells contain a true nucleus.

False (B)

Name one primary organelle found in the cytoplasm.

Mitochondria

The study of cells is known as __________.

<p>Cytology</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms are classified as eukaryotic?

<p>Animals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of cells with their characteristics:

<p>Prokaryotic Cells = No true nucleus Eukaryotic Cells = True nucleus present Unicellular Organisms = Made of one cell Multicellular Organisms = Made of many cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cytoplasm is responsible for protecting the nucleus of a cell.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do all living organisms have in common regarding cells?

<p>They are made up of cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell wall?

<p>Shape and protection of the plant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lysosome is also referred to as the 'recycling center' of the cell.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of mitochondria in a cell?

<p>Produces ATP (adenosine triphosphate)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _______ is responsible for packaging proteins into vesicles.

<p>Golgi Complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cell organelles with their primary functions:

<p>Ribosomes = Synthesize proteins Chloroplast = Photosynthesis Vacuole = Stores water and food Nucleus = Heredity and metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse of the cell'?

<p>Mitochondria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cell membrane is also known as the plasma membrane.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell division results in two daughter cells?

<p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cytology

The study of cells, the fundamental building blocks of life.

Cell

The basic unit of structure and function in living organisms.

Microscopic Cell

A cell too small to be seen with the naked eye.

Multicellular Organism

An organism composed of many cells.

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Plant Cell

A type of eukaryotic cell found in plants.

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Animal Cell

A type of eukaryotic cell found in animals.

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Prokaryotic Cell

A cell lacking a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

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Eukaryotic Cell

A cell possessing a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

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Cell Wall

A rigid outer layer that provides support and protection, primarily found in plant cells.

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Cell Membrane

A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell, regulating what enters and leaves.

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Cell Wall

Provides support and protection for plant cells.

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Cell Membrane

Separates the cell's contents from the outside environment, allowing selective transport.

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Cytoplasm

Gel-like substance within the cell, containing various organelles.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

Network of membranes involved in protein transport.

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Ribosomes

Make proteins.

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Golgi Complex

Processes and packages proteins into vesicles for transport.

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Mitochondria

Produces energy (ATP) for the cell.

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Lysosome

Breaks down waste and worn-out cell parts.

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Vacuole

Stores water, nutrients, and waste products.

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Nucleus

Control center of the cell, containing DNA and regulating cell activities.

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Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis in plant cells.

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Cell Division

Process where a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.

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Study Notes

Cytology

  • Cytology is the study of cells, the building blocks of living organisms
  • Cells are responsible for all life processes
  • Cells are categorized by size (microscopic/unicellular or macroscopic/multicellular), organism type (plant/animal), and the presence of a true nucleus (prokaryotic/eukaryotic)
  • Key cell components include the cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and various organelles (endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi complex, mitochondria, lysosomes, vacuoles, chloroplasts)
  • Each organelle plays specific functions in cellular processes

Cell Classifications

  • Size: Microscopic (small, unicellular organisms) or macroscopic (large, multicellular organisms)
  • Organism type: Plant cells or animal cells.
  • Presence of a true nucleus: Prokaryotic cells (no true nucleus - bacteria, archaea) or eukaryotic cells (with a true nucleus - animals, plants, fungi)

Cell Components

  • Cell Wall: Found in plants, bacteria, fungi, and algae. Provides structure and protection.
  • Cell Membrane: Found in all cells. Regulates what enters and exits the cell.
  • Cytoplasm: A solution found in all cells, containing water, salts, and proteins.
  • Nucleus: Contains the genetic material (DNA) responsible for cellular metabolism, protein synthesis, and cell division.
  • Ribosomes: Synthesize proteins.
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Transportation route for proteins
  • Golgi Complex: Packages proteins into vesicles
  • Mitochondria: The powerhouse of the cell, producing ATP (energy)
  • Lysosomes: Contain digestive enzymes for breaking down waste
  • Vacuoles: Store water and food. Larger in plant cells.
  • Chloroplasts: Found only in plants. Used for photosynthesis.

Cell Division

  • Cell division: The process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells
  • Types of cell division
    • Mitosis: For cell and organism growth, repair, and replaces damaged cells; produces 2 identical daughter cells
    • Meiosis: For formation of sex cells (gametes); produces 4 unique daughter cells

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Description

Explore the fascinating world of cytology, the study of cells which are fundamental to all life processes. This quiz covers the different classifications of cells based on size, organism type, and the presence of a true nucleus, as well as the key components and functions of various organelles.

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