Podcast
Questions and Answers
The most abundant molecules in the plasma membrane are __________.
The most abundant molecules in the plasma membrane are __________.
Membrane proteins that bind to signals by which cells communicate are called __________.
Membrane proteins that bind to signals by which cells communicate are called __________.
The term __________ refers to a membrane that allows some things to pass through it, but not others.
The term __________ refers to a membrane that allows some things to pass through it, but not others.
__________ is the process in which __________ forces water and small solutes, such as salts, through narrow clefts between capillary cells.
__________ is the process in which __________ forces water and small solutes, such as salts, through narrow clefts between capillary cells.
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What is the term for a solution's ability to affect the fluid volume in a cell?
What is the term for a solution's ability to affect the fluid volume in a cell?
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How do white blood cells primarily engulf bacteria?
How do white blood cells primarily engulf bacteria?
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In its second-messenger role, cAMP activates enzymes called what, which regulate other enzymes by adding phosphate groups?
In its second-messenger role, cAMP activates enzymes called what, which regulate other enzymes by adding phosphate groups?
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'Na+-K+ ATPase always requires energy' is a statement that is:
'Na+-K+ ATPase always requires energy' is a statement that is:
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Study Notes
Cell Biology
- The ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume in a cell is referred to as its tonicity.
- Insulin is transported across endothelial cells through a process called transcytosis.
- White blood cells engulf bacteria through phagocytosis.
- cAMP activates enzymes called kinases, which regulate other enzymes by adding phosphate groups to them.
- Hepatocytes have large amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum for detoxifying drugs or other chemicals.
- The cytoskeleton provides structural support, determines the shape of a cell, and directs the movement of substances through a cell.
- Microvilli increase a cell's surface area, cilia act as sensory "antennae" in many cells, and flagella provide motility to a sperm cell.
Cellular Transport
- Na+-K+ ATPase is a countertransport antiport carrier that always requires energy.
- Facilitated diffusion does not require energy and can transport molecules down a concentration gradient.
- The greater the concentration gradient, the faster the diffusion rate.
Cell Structure and Function
- The nucleus and the mitochondrion are surrounded by a two-layer membrane.
- In the plasma membrane, glycolipids and glycoproteins face toward the outside, while peripheral proteins face toward the cytoplasm.
- Most human cells range from 10 to 15 micrometers in diameter, and the limit to how large a cell can get is the relationship between the cell's volume and surface area.
- The three basic components of a cell are cytoplasm, nucleus, and plasma membrane.
- Phospholipids are the most abundant molecules in the plasma membrane.
Cell Signaling and Communication
- Membrane proteins that bind to signals by which cells communicate are called receptors.
- The term selectively permeable refers to a membrane that allows some things to pass through it, but not others.
Osmosis and Filtration
- Osmosis is the process by which hydrostatic pressure forces water and small solutes through narrow clefts between capillary cells.
- The number of particles of a solute in a solution is described by its osmolarity.
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Description
Test your knowledge on cytology, the study of cells, by answering questions about the factors that limit cell size and the three basic components of a cell. Explore concepts related to cell size, components, and limitations.
