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What is the main characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
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What is the function of the nuclear envelope?
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What is the feature of eukaryotic cells that allows them to have different structures and functions?
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What is the component of the nucleus that is responsible for stabilizing the nuclear envelope?
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What is the function of the nuclear pores?
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Study Notes
Cytology 1
- Human cells can be classified into two main types: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells (human cells).
- Prokaryotic cells are unicellular, lack a nucleus, and have no organelles.
- Eukaryotic cells (human cells) are multicellular, form tissues, have a nucleus, and have organelles.
Nucleus
- The nucleus is the command center of the cell.
- It stores genetic material, coordinates all cell activities (growth, metabolism, protein synthesis, cell division), and has molecular machinery.
- The nucleus has four main components: nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, nucleoplasm, and chromatin.
Nuclear Envelope
- The nuclear envelope consists of two membranes: inner and outer.
- The inner membrane has a nuclear lamina that stabilizes the envelope.
- The outer membrane is continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER).
- There is a perinuclear space between the two membranes, continuous with rER.
Nuclear Pores
- Nuclear pores regulate the movement of ions and small molecules through simple diffusion between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm.
Nucleoplasm (Karyoplasm)
- Nucleoplasm is a viscous fluid.
- It is the region inside the nuclear envelope where the chromatin is located.
Chromatin
- Chromatin consists of DNA.
- Human cells have 46 chromosomes: 22 pairs of autosomes in somatic cells (diploid, 2n) and 22 autosomes in gametes (haploid, n).
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Description
Learn about the different types of cells, including prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and the role of the nucleus in cell activities.
