30 Questions
What is the main reason for the unique shape of nerve cells?
To facilitate easy contact with other nerve cells
What is the main function of the plasma membrane?
To regulate what enters and leaves the cell
What is the main component of the plasma membrane?
Phospholipids
What is the characteristic of the phosphate head of phospholipids?
Polar and hydrophilic
What happens to the nucleus of human RBCs during development?
It is lost
What is the main reason for the reduced cytoplasm in adipose cells?
To store fat droplets
What is the branch of biology that deals with the study of form and structure of cells?
Cytology
Who are the scientists credited with proposing the Cell Theory in 1839?
Schleiden and Schwann
What is the basic unit of life according to the Cell Theory?
Cell
What is the approximate number of cells in a typical human body?
A trillion
What is passed on from cell to cell according to the modern version of the Cell Theory?
Heredity information (DNA)
What is the term used to describe organisms consisting of only one cell?
Unicellular
What is the function of nuclear pores?
To regulate the passage of RNA and other materials into and out of the nucleus
What is the site where DNA is concentrated when it is in the process of making ribosomal RNA?
Nucleolus
What is the function of mitochondria?
To transfer energy from organic molecules to ATP
What is the structure that separates the mitochondrion from the cytosol?
Outer membrane
What is the function of ribosomes?
To direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm
What is the number of mitochondria typically found in highly active cells?
Hundreds
What is unique about the way the phospholipid bilayer behaves in the fluid mosaic model?
It behaves like a fluid
What is the primary function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?
To store genetic information
What is the term for the threadlike material that makes up the DNA in a non-dividing cell?
Chromatin
What is the process by which DNA is transcribed into RNA in the nucleus?
Transcription
What is the term for the jellylike liquid that fills the nucleus and holds its contents?
Nucleoplasm
What is the role of integral proteins in the cell membrane?
To transport molecules across the membrane
What type of molecules do peroxisomes break down to produce energy for the mitochondria?
Fatty acid molecules
What is the name of the structure from which microtubules radiate outward?
Centrosome
What is the function of microtubules in the cell?
To hold organelles in place and maintain cell shape
What is the function of peroxisomes in the liver and kidney cells?
To detoxify alcohol and other drugs
What is the structure of microfilaments?
Long threads of actin
What is the function of the cytoskeleton in the cell?
To give shape to the cell and act as internal tracks
This quiz covers the basics of cytology, including the study of cell structure and form, cell theory, and the biological aspects of living cells.
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