Cytokines and Chemokines in Response to Bacterial Products Quiz

Monocyte-derived macrophages help in inducing the inflammatory response.

Neutrophils leave the blood and migrate to sites of infection in a multi-step process involving adhesive interactions that are regulated by macrophage-derived cytokines and chemokines.

Binding of a chemokine such as CXCL8 to its receptor triggers the activation of integrin LFA-1 on neutrophils.

<p>Inflammatory cytokines like TNF-⍺ are necessary to induce the expression of adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1 on vascular endothelium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tight binding between ICAM-1 and integrin arrests rolling and allows neutrophils to squeeze between endothelial cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immune cell movement is controlled by adhesion molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IL-1β; IL-6; CXCL8; IL-12; TNF-⍺</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemokines recruit immune cells to sites of infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TNF-⍺ acts on blood vessels to increase blood flow, vascular permeability, and endothelial adhesiveness for leukocytes and platelets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systemic release of TNF-⍺ can lead to shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, multiple organ failure, and often death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute phase proteins bind to pathogens but not host cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TLRs are important pattern recognition receptors that recognize a wide variety of ligands, including bacterial cell wall components and microbial nucleic acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To recognize class I MHC molecules and prevent killing of normal host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By monitoring the expression levels of class I MHC molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inducing inflammation and blocking viral infection of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They activate endothelial cells, stimulate chemokine production, and increase neutrophil production</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Due to the effects of cytokines and chemokines produced by PAMP- and DAMP-stimulated tissue cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phagocytose microbes and kill them by producing reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and enzymes in phagolysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is necessary for the binding between ICAM-1 and neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control the movement of immune cells towards infection sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ICAM-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trigger expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diapedesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitate tight binding to allow neutrophil passage between endothelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recruit immune cells to sites of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coordinating the body's response to infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase endothelial adhesiveness for leukocytes and platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple organ failure and frequently death</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevent spread of infection via blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bind pathogens but not host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibitory receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IL-1 and TNF</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recruit immune cells to the site of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Induce fever and acute-phase protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promote migration of immune cells to inflammatory sites</p> Signup and view all the answers