Cytokine Levels and Immune Response in PASC

Lung problems, diabetes, and obesity

9

78%

<p>Problems with memory or concentration, fatigue, shortness of breath, and anosmia/dysgeusia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PASC</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>more severe acute infection, advanced age, female sex, and socioeconomic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>proinflammatory cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IL-6 and TNF-α</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (PASC) refers to the presence of one or more coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms beyond 90 days after initial infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The biological processes associated with postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (PASC) are currently unknown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soluble markers of inflammation were measured in a SARS-CoV-2 recovery cohort at early (90 days) timepoints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IL-6 has been implicated in models of chronic inflammatory diseases and is associated with tissue-specific manifestations such as lung or neurologic disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TNF-α induces tissue inflammation and endothelial activation and its uncontrolled activity underlies various inflammatory diseases involving multiple organ systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study found that individuals with persistent symptoms were likely to demonstrate higher levels of markers of inflammation and immune activation during the first 90 days of COVID-19 recovery, with elevations in IL-6 persisting into the late recovery period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TNF-α, IFN-γ, MCP-1, IL-6</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constitutional fatigue, subjective fever, chills, objective fever, rhinorrhea, sore throat, cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, palpitations, fainting, diarrhea, nausea, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, menstrual cramps, dyspareunia, rash, myalgia, back pain, joint pain, anosmia/dysgeusia, headache, concentration problems, dizziness, balance problems, neuropathy, vision problems, parosmia, trouble sleeping</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cytokine biomarkers associated with the development of PASC are tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ–induced protein 10 (IP-10).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is a trend towards higher interleukin 6 levels during early recovery, which becomes more pronounced in late recovery among those with PASC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Persistent immune activation may be associated with ongoing symptoms following COVID-19.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The differences in cytokine biomarker levels are more pronounced among those with a greater number of PASC symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of 1 or more symptoms at a visit occurring &gt;90 days from initial COVID-19 symptom onset.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through a combination of clinician referrals, mailings to consecutive patients testing positive at university-affiliated testing sites, and responses to medical center recruitment postings and websites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MCP-1, Cytokine 3-PlexA (interleukin 6 [IL-6], interleukin 10 [IL-10], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]), IFN-γ–induced protein 10 (IP-10), IFN-γ, and SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mixed-effects models with terms for PASC and time period (early vs late recovery).</p> Signup and view all the answers