Cysts and Tumors in Dentistry

Cysts and Tumors

Types of Cysts:

• Dental cysts: develop from dental tissues, e.g. radicular cysts, dentigerous cysts
• Non-dental cysts: develop from non-dental tissues, e.g. nasolabial cysts, thyroglossal cysts
• Pseudo-cysts: do not have an epithelial lining, e.g. mucocele, traumatic bone cyst

Clinical Features of Cysts:

• Painless swelling
• May be asymptomatic
• Can cause bone expansion, displacement of teeth, or resorption of roots
• May be associated with infection or inflammation

Types of Tumors:

• Benign tumors: e.g. fibroma, papilloma, osteoma
• Malignant tumors: e.g. squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, adenocarcinoma

Clinical Features of Tumors:

• Painful or painless swelling
• Ulceration or bleeding
• May be asymptomatic
• Can cause bone destruction, tooth mobility, or sensory disturbances

Oral Cancer

Definition:

• Malignant neoplasm that develops in the oral cavity, including lips, tongue, floor of the mouth, and palate

Risk Factors:

• Tobacco use (smoking, chewing)
• Alcohol consumption
• Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
• Poor diet, lack of fruits and vegetables
• Family history
• Previous oral cancer or premalignant lesions

Premalignant Lesions:

• Leukoplakia: white patch or plaque that cannot be scraped off
• Erythroplakia: red patch or plaque that cannot be scraped off
• Dysplasia: abnormal cell growth

Clinical Features of Oral Cancer:

• Non-healing ulcer or sore
• Pain or numbness in the mouth
• Red or white patch or lesion
• Difficulty swallowing or speaking
• Lymph node enlargement

Staging and Treatment:

• Staging: TNM system (tumor size, node involvement, metastasis)
• Treatment: surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or combination therapy

Cysts and Tumors

Types of Cysts:

• Dental cysts develop from dental tissues, including radicular cysts and dentigerous cysts
• Non-dental cysts develop from non-dental tissues, including nasolabial cysts and thyroglossal cysts
• Pseudo-cysts lack an epithelial lining, including mucocele and traumatic bone cyst

Clinical Features of Cysts:

• Cysts often present as painless swellings
• May be asymptomatic
• Can cause bone expansion, displacement of teeth, or resorption of roots
• May be associated with infection or inflammation

Types of Tumors:

• Benign tumors include fibroma, papilloma, and osteoma
• Malignant tumors include squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, and adenocarcinoma

Clinical Features of Tumors:

• Tumors can present as painful or painless swellings
• May cause ulceration or bleeding
• Can be asymptomatic
• Can cause bone destruction, tooth mobility, or sensory disturbances

Oral Cancer

Definition:

• Oral cancer is a malignant neoplasm that develops in the oral cavity, including lips, tongue, floor of the mouth, and palate

Risk Factors:

• Tobacco use (smoking, chewing)
• Alcohol consumption
• Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
• Poor diet, lack of fruits and vegetables
• Family history
• Previous oral cancer or premalignant lesions

Premalignant Lesions:

• Leukoplakia: a white patch or plaque that cannot be scraped off
• Erythroplakia: a red patch or plaque that cannot be scraped off
• Dysplasia: abnormal cell growth

Clinical Features of Oral Cancer:

• Non-healing ulcer or sore
• Pain or numbness in the mouth
• Red or white patch or lesion
• Difficulty swallowing or speaking
• Lymph node enlargement

Staging and Treatment:

• Staging uses the TNM system (tumor size, node involvement, metastasis)
• Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or combination therapy