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Questions and Answers
What type of colonies are produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae on Cystine Tellurite Blood Agar?
What type of colonies are produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae on Cystine Tellurite Blood Agar?
Which media is known for producing black colonies with a brown halo?
Which media is known for producing black colonies with a brown halo?
What effect does Loeffler’s serum have on Corynebacterium diphtheriae?
What effect does Loeffler’s serum have on Corynebacterium diphtheriae?
Which of the following is a hospital-acquired pathogen associated with antibiotic resistance?
Which of the following is a hospital-acquired pathogen associated with antibiotic resistance?
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What serious infection can Corynebacterium diphtheriae cause?
What serious infection can Corynebacterium diphtheriae cause?
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What characteristic shape do the bacteria of the genus Corynebacterium exhibit?
What characteristic shape do the bacteria of the genus Corynebacterium exhibit?
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What test is used to determine the toxigenicity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in animals?
What test is used to determine the toxigenicity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in animals?
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Which of the following best describes the growth characteristics of Corynebacterium diphtheriae on MAC agar?
Which of the following best describes the growth characteristics of Corynebacterium diphtheriae on MAC agar?
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Which test results in an inflammation response at the site of injection if positive for diphtheria?
Which test results in an inflammation response at the site of injection if positive for diphtheria?
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What does a positive result from an animal inoculation test indicate?
What does a positive result from an animal inoculation test indicate?
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Corynebacterium species are primarily found in which locations of the human body?
Corynebacterium species are primarily found in which locations of the human body?
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Which method is NOT commonly used for the detection of diphtheria antigens?
Which method is NOT commonly used for the detection of diphtheria antigens?
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What biochemical characteristic is associated with Corynebacterium species?
What biochemical characteristic is associated with Corynebacterium species?
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What causes the coral red fluorescence in protein p60?
What causes the coral red fluorescence in protein p60?
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Which skin infection is associated with Corynebacterium minutissimum?
Which skin infection is associated with Corynebacterium minutissimum?
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Listeria monocytogenes primarily poses a risk to which groups?
Listeria monocytogenes primarily poses a risk to which groups?
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What is one consequence of listeriosis in pregnant women?
What is one consequence of listeriosis in pregnant women?
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What biochemical test shows a positive reaction for Corynebacterium diphtheriae?
What biochemical test shows a positive reaction for Corynebacterium diphtheriae?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of Granulomatosis infantiseptica?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Granulomatosis infantiseptica?
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Which organism is responsible for erysipelas?
Which organism is responsible for erysipelas?
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What is a primary symptom of bacteremia in newborns due to listeriosis?
What is a primary symptom of bacteremia in newborns due to listeriosis?
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What is associated with the formation of granulomas?
What is associated with the formation of granulomas?
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Which organism is known to cause meningitis and meningoencephalitis?
Which organism is known to cause meningitis and meningoencephalitis?
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Which bacterium is responsible for neonatal meningitis?
Which bacterium is responsible for neonatal meningitis?
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Which of the following organisms can cause deaths associated with infections?
Which of the following organisms can cause deaths associated with infections?
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What type of lesions does Pseudodiphtheriticum produce?
What type of lesions does Pseudodiphtheriticum produce?
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Which organism is associated with sepsis?
Which organism is associated with sepsis?
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Which bacterium commonly causes meningitis in adults aged 5-29 years?
Which bacterium commonly causes meningitis in adults aged 5-29 years?
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Which organism is linked to late onset syndrome?
Which organism is linked to late onset syndrome?
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Which bacterium is known for causing urinary infections and is strongly urease positive?
Which bacterium is known for causing urinary infections and is strongly urease positive?
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Which species of Listeria can survive and grow at 4°C?
Which species of Listeria can survive and grow at 4°C?
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Which virulence factor of Listeria monocytogenes is responsible for damaging the phagosome membrane?
Which virulence factor of Listeria monocytogenes is responsible for damaging the phagosome membrane?
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Corynebacterium amycolatum is associated with which type of infection?
Corynebacterium amycolatum is associated with which type of infection?
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Which characteristic applies to Listeria monocytogenes regarding its environmental tolerance?
Which characteristic applies to Listeria monocytogenes regarding its environmental tolerance?
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What type of infections is Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum primarily associated with?
What type of infections is Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum primarily associated with?
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What is a common source of contamination for Listeria monocytogenes?
What is a common source of contamination for Listeria monocytogenes?
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Which of the following Corynebacterium species is known to cause encrusted cystitis?
Which of the following Corynebacterium species is known to cause encrusted cystitis?
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Study Notes
Cystine Tellurite Blood Agar (CTBA)
- Selective for Corynebacterium species, inhibits growth of other bacteria using potassium tellurite.
- Positive result indicated by gray to black colonies.
- Useful for isolating antibiotic-resistant strains like Corynebacterium jeikeium.
Tinsdale Media
- Generates black colonies with brown halos, indicating the presence of specific bacteria.
- Produces a metallic sheen on Blood Agar Plates (BAP).
- Utilized for identifying gamma-hemolytic and strict aerobic organisms.
Loeffler’s Serum and PAI’s Coagulated Egg Serum
- Enhances pleomorphism and granule formation in Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
- Associated with hospital-acquired infections, endocarditis risk due to prosthetic device implantation.
Corynebacterium diphtheriae Characteristics
- Irregular, non-parallel sides, pleomorphic, and club-shaped appearance.
- Exhibits a Chinese letter, Palisade, V, or L shape morphology.
- Normal flora on skin and mucous membranes; other species referred to as diphtheroids.
- Facultative anaerobe, catalase positive, no growth on MAC agar.
Corynebacterium diphtheriae Laboratory Tests
- Precipitin lines indicate toxigenic strains during clinical bacteriology tests.
- Animal inoculation tests assess in vivo toxigenicity; positive results lead to death without antitoxin.
- Schick’s Test: skin test for diphtheria showing positive with injection site inflammation.
- Elek/Ouchterlony/Frobisher Test: immunodiffusion technique for determining toxigenicity.
Corynebacterium Urealyticum
- A slow-growing urinary pathogen, strong urease positive.
- Can cause encrusted cystitis and pyelonephritis.
- Better growth noted in broth with rabbit serum.
Corynebacterium Amycolatum
- Common diphtheroid found in human materials; often associated with prosthetic joint infections.
Corynebacterium Pseudodiphtheriticum
- Normal throat flora but poses pathogenic risks, particularly in cases of endocarditis.
Listeria Monocytogenes Overview
- Major agent of listeriosis in humans and animals.
- Capable of growth at low temperatures (4°C), low pH, and high salt concentrations.
- Found in soil, water, vegetation, and animals; can survive in refrigerated food.
Listeria Monocytogenes Virulence Factors
- Hemolysin (Listeriolysin O): damages phagosome membranes, leading to cell lysis.
- Protein p60: facilitates phagocytosis and enhances bacterial adhesion and penetration into host cells.
Clinical Infection of Listeria Monocytogenes
- Pregnant women at risk for stillbirths and spontaneous abortions; low survival rates for newborns.
- Newborns may experience bacteremia leading to severe conditions like granulomatosis infantiseptica.
- Immunosuppressed hosts can develop meningitis and endocarditis.
Biochemical Identification of Corynebacterium
- Overview of key biochemical tests (lipophilic, beta hemolysis, CAMP test, nitrate reduction, urease activity).
- Specific reactions for Corynebacterium diphtheriae and related species outlined, indicating various metabolic features.
Other Key Genera
- Erysipelothrix: noteworthy in discussions of skin infections, especially in pigs and humans.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Cystine Tellurite Blood Agar (CTBA) and its use in culturing Corynebacterium species. This quiz covers the selective properties, characteristics of colonies, and inhibitory substances involved. Perfect for microbiology students and enthusiasts.
